Neonates

Question 0

How does scoring work for the APGAR?

Answer 0

Max score of 10. Each category gets a max score of 2

>7 means the neonate is have difficulty adjusting

Question 1

What is APGAR scoring?

Answer 1

Tests for respiration, heart rate, muscle tone, color, reflex.

Question 2

What is the average birth weight?

Answer 2

Female 7.5 lbs
Male 7.7 lbs
* loose 5-10% of birth weight before gain weight

Question 3

How old is neonate?

Answer 3

Birth to 28 days

Question 4

What is average length of Neonate?

Answer 4

Female 20.9 in

Male 21.3 in

Question 5

What is an average head circumference?

How and where is it measured?

Answer 5

Known as OFC
13.4 to 14 in
Measured just above ears at widest part of skull

Question 6

Average chest circumference?

Where is it measured?

Answer 6

Measured at nipple line and is about 3/4 to 1 in less the neonate head

Question 7

Appearance of neonate skin?

Answer 7

Skin- color can be pink, yellow, pink body with bluish hands and feet are pale

Question 8

Newborn appearance- vernix caeosa

Answer 8

White cheesy substance
Frequently found in skin folds
Don’t scrub it off
Provides skin lubricantion

Question 9

Lanugo

Answer 9

Fine downy hair

Question 10

Milia

Answer 10

Plugged sebaceous glands- acne

Question 11

Desquamation

Answer 11

Peeling skin of soles and palms

Question 12

Skin turgor

Answer 12

Skin should be elastic and resilient reflecting adequate hydration

Question 13

Hemangiomas and Mongolian spots

Answer 13

Birthmarks

Question 14

Erythema toxicum

Answer 14

Newborn rash
Appears within first 4 days
Starts as pale but turns red

Question 15

Caput succedaneum

Answer 15

Swelling of soft tissue of scalp
Seen after prolonged labor
Evident within 24 hours of birth
Disappears within a few days

Question 16

Cephalhematoma

Answer 16

Result of blood collecting between the periosteum and the skull bone
Blood vessels have ruptured secondary to he head trauma of the birth process
Develops within 24-48 hours after birth and may take 2-3 weeks to resolve

Question 17

Eyes

Answer 17

No tears initially
Eye color is gray or blue
Permanent color after 6 months

Question 18

Ears

Answer 18

External ear not completely formed
Pinna bends easily
May have skin tags

Question 19

GI system

Answer 19

Small stomachs
Eats 2.5 -4 oz per feeding
Immature cardiac sphincter= throwing up

Question 20

Meconium

Answer 20

First stool and usually really watery

Question 21

Genitalia-male

Answer 21

Preterm: flat scrotum with undescended testicles

Full term: Scrotum has ridges and testicles are descended

Question 22

Genitalia- female

Answer 22

Vulva can be swollen due to hormones

Small amount of white discharge or blood tinged mucus during first few weeks

Question 23

Primitive reflex

Answer 23

Have sub cortical control- fine motor control

Question 24

Moro reflex

Answer 24

Arms flail out to the side and usually cries because their weight is not supported

Question 25

Tonic neck

Answer 25

Turn neonate head to the side and the arm on the same side as the head will stretch out

Question 26

Babinski reflex

Answer 26

Normal in neonate not normal in adults

Stroke toes the big toe goes toward the foot when the other toes go toward the ground

Question 27

En face position

Answer 27

Facilitates eye contact between parent and child
Infant responds well because they can see a short distance
Alert for several hours after birth
Talk and play with baby

Question 28

Erikson- trust vs. mistrust

Answer 28

Relies on others to perform tasks and fulfill needs

Question 29

Vital signs

Answer 29

Temp rectally 35.5-37.5 (96-99.5 F)
Apical heart rate 120-160 bpm could be 180
Respirations 30-60 breaths/ min
Initially may be high also (80 breaths/ min)