Neoplasia 5: Epidemiology of Cancer Flashcards
Explain why frquency of cancers increases with age
- Accumulation of successive mutations over time
- Decrease in immunity over time
- Most carcinomas occur after 55 years
- Except leukemia, retinoblastoma, nephorblastoma are common in infants
which cancers are more common in infants
- Leukemia
- retinoblastoma
- Nephroblastoma (wilm’s tumor)
- Neuroblastoma
Heridatery genetic predisposition of cancers is divded into
- Autosomal dominant cancer syndrome
- Defect at DNA repair genes
- Familial cancers of uncertain inheritance
Most common form of heridatery genetic cancers
- Breast cancer
- Colon cancer
Explain genetic predisposition of Retinoblastoma occuring
- One defect allele in RB gene is inherited
- Somatic mutation in the normal allele
what percentage of retinoblastoma is familial
40 %
what percentage of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis develops cancer colon by age 50
100 %
Another name for chronic disease predisposition of cancers
non heridatery aquired preneoplastic factors
Enumerate precancerous chronic inflammation
BAD TUS:
* Bilhariziasis of Bladder
* Atrophic gastritis
* Dermatitis caused by radiation
* TB cutaneous = Lupus vulgaris
* Ulcerative colitis
* Syphilis tertiray form in tongue
Enumerate precancerous Hyperplastic, Metaplastic & Dysplastic lesion
- Leukplakia
- Endometrial Hyperplasia
- Mammary Hyperplasia
- Cervical Dysplasia
Enumerate random nonheridatery aquired precancerous factors
CPUU:
* Cirrhosis of Liver
* Paget’s disease of bone
* Undescended testis
* Ulcer of Varicose Veins
Enumerate some precancerous benign tumors
- Villous bladder adenoma
- Adenometous Polyp of GIT
Define Carciogenic
factors that can produce genetic changes
Enumerate Carciogenic chemicals
- Aromatic Hydrocarbons in cigarettes
- Aflatoxins (aspergillus flavus) -> Hepatic cancer
- Vinyle chloride -> Hepatic angiosarcoma
- Aromatic amine (naphtylamines)–> bladder cancer
- Nitrosamines (bacterial metabolites)–> stomach cancer
- Arsenic -> skin cancer
- Asbestos –> mesothelioma (pleural Cancer)
UV rays exposure cause what type of cancers
- Squamous cell Carcinoma
- Basal cell Carcinoma
- Melanoma
