Neoplasm IV

Question 1

What is Carcinoma in Situ?

What sort of cancer is this applicable to?

Answer 1

Full thickness dysplasia extending from the BM to the surface of the epithelium.

This is applicable to epithelial neoplasms only! (Carcinoma)

Question 2

CIN 1 denotes what?

Answer 2

1/3 of the dysplasia is confined to the basal epithelium.

This is considered mild displaysia.

Question 3

CIN 2 denotes what?

Answer 3

This is 2/3 of the dysplasia is confined to the basal epithelium, this is known as moderate dysplasia.

Question 4

What is severe dysplasia?

Answer 4

Cin 3 in which the entire layering is full of dysplasia, this is just before carcinoma in-situ.

Question 5

What are three board prefered examples describing dysplasia measurements?

Answer 5

Cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia
Oral leukoplakia
Baretts esophagus
Colon Cancer.

Question 6

Which forms of Hepatitis will lead to dysplasia?

Answer 6

Hepatitis B or C only in which C will lead to cirrhosis.

Question 7

AIDS is associated with what sort of neoplasm?

Answer 7

Agressive malignant lymphoma (Non hodgkins)
And
Kaposci Sarcoma

Question 8

Barrets esophagus is associated with what sort of neoplasm?

Answer 8

Associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Question 9

Chronic atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, and post surgical gastric remnants are associated with what sort of neoplasm?

Answer 9

Gastric adenocarcinoma

Question 10

Cushings syndrome is associated with what sort of neoplasm?

Answer 10

Small cell lung cancer.

Question 11

Down syndrome is associated with what sort of neoplasm?

Answer 11

ALL
Acute lymphocytic leukemia and
AML = Acute myeloid leukemia

Question 12

Hypercalcemia is linked to what sort of neoplasm?

Answer 12

Linked to squamous cell lung cancer.

Question 13

Polycythemia is linked to what sort of neoplasm?

Answer 13

Renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma.

Question 14

SIADH is linked to what sort of neoplasm?

Answer 14

Small cell lung cancer

Question 15

Ulcerative colitis is related to what sort of neoplasm?

Answer 15

Related to Colonic adenocarcinoma.

Question 16

What are proto-oncogenes responsible for?

Answer 16

Regulation of growth and differentiation, if mutated the proto-oncogene becomes an oncogene and results in overproduction of normal or mutant protein.

Question 17

What occurs in HST1 oncogene disorder?

Answer 17

Over activation of Fibroblast growth factors leading to over expression and stomach cancer.

Question 18

What occurs in HGF oncogene disorder?

Answer 18

HGF is over expressed leading to thyroid cancer.

Question 19

What occurs in a TGF alpha oncogene disorder?

Answer 19

TGF alpha overexpression leads to astrocytomas and hepato cellular carcinomas.

Question 20

What is ErBB2 (Her-2/NEU) oncogenes related to?

Answer 20

Amplification leading to breast cancer or ovarian cancer.

Question 21

What is RET oncogenes related to?

Answer 21

Point mutation leading to MEN 2A and 2B familial medullary thyroid carcinomas.

Question 22

What are GTP binding oncogenes related to?

Answer 22

KRAS, in which there is a point mutation leading to pancreas, colon, and lung cancers.

Question 23

What are Non-receptor tyrosine kinase oncogenes related to?

Answer 23

ABL due to a transloaction leading to chronic myeloid leukemia and Acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Question 24

What are RAS signal transduction oncogenes related to?

Answer 24

Point mutation leadin to melanomas.

Question 25

What are WNT signal transduction oncogenes related to?

Answer 25

Point mutation or over expression leading to Hepato-blastomas and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Question 26

What chromosomal transloaction is responsible for Chronic myelogenous leukemia?

Answer 26

c-abl oncogene on chromosome 9 transloacated to chromosome 22

Question 27

What is the philidalphia chromosome?

Answer 27

Resulting from translocation between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22 increasing tyrosine kinase activity leading to CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA

Question 28

What chromosomal translocation leads to Burkits Lymphoma?

Answer 28

Translocation between chromosome 8 and 14 C-MYC oncogene.

causes immunoglobulin overproduction.

Question 29

Over expression of what gene aids in evasion of apoptosis?

Answer 29

Over expression of the BCL-2 gene which prevents leakage of the cytochrome c.

This prevents apoptosis of B-lymphocytes leading to follicular lymphoma.

Question 30

What chromosomal swap is responsible for chronic myelogenous leukemia?

Answer 30

c-abl swap from 9 to 22.

Question 31

What occurs if there is an amplification of N-MYC?

Answer 31

Neuroblastoma occurs.