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nephro Flashcards

1
Q

Polyuria

A

> 3L/day

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2
Q

Oliguria

A

<500 mL/day

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3
Q

Anuria

A

<100 mL/day

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4
Q

Pollakisuria

A

urination at short intervals without increase in daily volume of urinary output, due to reduced bladder capacity

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5
Q

yellow pigment of urine is due to

A

pigment urochrome

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6
Q

red urine is due to

A

haematuria, hemoglobinuria

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7
Q

milky urine

A

chyluria (lymph in urine)

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8
Q

Examination of urine for Bence Jones protein

A

immunoelectrophoresis.

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9
Q

Plasma urea and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

A

Normal value of BUN is 8-13 mg/dl.

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10
Q

when do you take sample for Urinalysis

A

Take it in the morning - more concentrated

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11
Q

Specific gravity

A

1.010-1.030

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12
Q

pH

A

4.5-8.0

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13
Q

Nitrite in urine

A

gram negative bacteria

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14
Q

Proteinuria detection

A

Detected with dipstick (can only detect macro) or 24 hr urine collection

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15
Q

Macroalbuminuria

A

> 300-3000 mg/day

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16
Q

Nephrotic range Proteinuria

A

> 3500 mg/day

17
Q

GFR

A

> 90 ml/min

18
Q

Se Creatinine

A

around 100 umol, depends on muscle mass

19
Q

BUN

A

1.8-7.1 mM

20
Q

Urine osmolarity

A

50-1200 mOsm/L

21
Q

prove or exclude ongoing UTI

A

Take in the morning, mid-stream, clean catch in sterile tube before Tx begins
Positive if CFU >10^5

22
Q

Normal creatinine clearance

A

90 -150 ml/minute

23
Q

Isomorphic RBC

A

Isomorphic - originate in the urinary tract

24
Q

Dysmorphic RBC

A

originate in the glomeruli

25
Q

RBC casts

A

glomerulonephritis

26
Q

Macroscopic hematuria

A

1ml of blood in 1 liter of urine may cause urine discoloration when the patient has gross hematuria.

27
Q

urinalysis in ATIN

A

eosinophilurea hematuria proteinuria

28
Q

in hyperphosphatemia u give

A

ca carbonate p.o

29
Q

when do u do dialysis in renal injury

A

resisitent hyperkalemia , acidosis , hypercolemia , uremic encephalopathy , hugh bun creattinine , lithium

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