Nervous System

Question 1

What is the structure and function of the central nervous system

Answer 1

Structure: brain and spinal cord
Function: incoming messages are processed and out going messages are initiated

Question 2

What is the structure and function of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 2

Function: nerves that carry messages in and out of the central nervous system

Question 3

What is the structure and function of the afferent part of the PNS?

Answer 3

Carries information into the CNS

Question 4

What is the structure and function of the efferent part of the PNS?

Answer 4

Carries information away from the CNS

Question 5

Efferent is divided into two parts, what does the somatic part do?

Answer 5

Carries messages to skeletal muscles

Question 6

Efferent is divided into two parts, what does the autonomic part do?

Answer 6

Carries messages to the heart, involuntary muscles and glands

Question 7

Autonomic is divided into two parts what does the sympathetic part do?

Answer 7

Regulates fight or flight response

Question 8

Autonomic is divided into two parts, what does the parasympathetic part do

Answer 8

Regulates sexual arousal, urination, saliva and digestion

Question 9

What is the structure and function of the cerebrum?

Answer 9

Structure: outer surface of grey matter about 2-4mm thick with grey matter inside the cerebrum
Function: thinking, reasoning, learning, memory, intelligence and sense of responsibility

Question 10

What is the structure and function of the cerebellum?

Answer 10

Structure: surface of parallel ridges with the outer part being grey matter and the inside being white
Function: controls posture, balance and involuntary muscle movement

Question 11

What is the structure and function of the medulla oblongata ?

Answer 11

Structure: continuation of the spinal cord, 3cm long and is where the spinal cord enters the skull
Function: regulates cardiac, respiratory and vasomotor centres

Question 12

What is the structure and function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 12

Structure: found in middle of brain
Function: regulates heart, digestive system, thirst, hunger, metabolism, body temperature, response to anger or fear

Question 13

What is the structure and function of the Corpus Callosum?

Answer 13

Structure: wide band of nerve fibres that lies under the cerebrum
Function: communication between the two hemispheres

Question 14

What is the structure and function of the spinal cord.

Answer 14

Structure: roughly cylindrical structure from the opening of bas of skull to the second vertebra
Function: helps deliver messages to brain or muscles

Question 15

What is meninges

Answer 15

Three layers of connective tissue protecting the brain
Pia mater
Arachnoid mater
Dura mater

Question 16

What is a thermoreceptor

Answer 16

Receptors that find change in the bodies temperature
Found in skin
Message received by hypothalamus

Question 17

What is an osmoreceptor

Answer 17

The concentration of dissolved water in blood plasma

Locates in the hypothalamus

Question 18

What is a chemoreceptor?

Answer 18

Receptors that detect change in particular chemicals

Found in nose and mouth

Question 19

What is a touch receptor

Answer 19

Receptors that detect touch to the skin

Found in lips, skin, fingertips, eyelids and external genitals

Question 20

What is a pain receptors

Answer 20

Receptors detecting damage to a tissue

Found in skin or mucus membrane or organs