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Gross Review > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two divisions of the nervous system

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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2
Q

The CNS consists of ___, and contains ___

A 
Brain and spinal cord
associatve neurons
gray matter
white matter
nucleus
tract
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3
Q

Types of nervous tissue

A

Neurons

glia

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4
Q

Neurons and the types

A

cells involved in generating and propagating nerve signals
Sensory
Motor
Associative

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5
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

carry afferent signals from sensor/receptors to CNS

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6
Q

Motor Neurons

A

Carry efferent signals from CNS to effectors (muscle/glands)

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7
Q

Associative Neurons

A

connect sensory to motor signals

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8
Q

Glia (roles)

A

supports, insulates, and nourishes neurons

forms the myelin sheath around some axons

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9
Q

Nerves

A

consist of nervous tissue (parenchyma) and connective tissue (stroma)

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10
Q

Brain and spinal cord (function)

A

control centers in negative feedback loops

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11
Q

Gray matter

A

located in periphery of brain and the core of the spinal cord
Consists of nerve cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons (negative feedback control centers)

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12
Q

White matter

A

myelinated axons

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13
Q

Nucleus

A

collection of cell bodies in the CNS

negative feedback control centers

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14
Q

Tract

A

bundle of a bundle nerve fibers within the CNS

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15
Q

The PNS consists of ___, and contains ____.

A

spinal and cranial nerves and their branches

sensory afferent neurons, motor efferent neurons

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16
Q

Sensory Afferent Neurons (types)

A

special sensory neurons
somatosensory neurons
visceral sensory neurons

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17
Q

Special sensory neurons

A

carry signals from special sensory organs to the brain via cranial nerves
ONLY found in the cranial nerves
(vision, auditory, olfaction, taste, equilibrium)

18
Q

Somatosensory neurons

A

single neuron pathway to carry exteroceptive and proprioceptive signals from the skin, muscle, tendons, and joints to the CNS

19
Q

Visceral sensory neurons

A

Single neuron pathway to carry SUBCONSCIOUS signals from hollow organs and blood vessels to the CNS

20
Q

Motor Efferent Neurons (types)

A

Somatomotor neurons

Visceral motor neurons (autonomic motor)

21
Q

Somatomotor neurons

A

single neuron pathway to carry VOLUNTARY signals to skeletal muscle

22
Q

Visceral motor neurons

A

AKA autonomic motor neurons

Two neuron pathway to carry INVOLUNTARY signals to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glads

23
Q

Ganglion

A

collection of cell bodies outside the central nervous system

24
Q

Spinal nerves (general info)

A 
31 pairs
8 c/s, 12 t/s, 5 l/s, 5 s/s, 1 coccygeal
contain somatosensory, viscerosensory, somatomotor, and autonomic motor 
NO SPECIAL SENSORY
connect body structures to spinal cord
25
Q

Spinal nerve roots (types)

A 
connect the spinal nerves to spinal cord 
Dorsal root (posterior)
Ventral root (anterior)
dorsal root ganglion
26
Q

Dorsal root (posterior)

A

contains axons of sensory neurons only
Somatosensory
Viscerosensory

27
Q

Dorsal root ganglion

A

associated with the dorsal root

contains cell bodies of somatosensory and viscerosensory neurons

28
Q

Ventral root (anterior)

A

contains axons of somatomotor and autonomic motor neurons

29
Q

Spinal rami

A

connet spinal nerves to peripheral structures

contain axons of both sensory (somato/viscero) and motor (somato/autonomic) neurons

30
Q

Spinal rami (types)

A 
Dorsal rami (posterior)
Ventral rami (anterior)
31
Q

Dorsal rami

A

Branch into peripheral nerves to deep back muscles, vertebral column, and skin of the back

32
Q

Ventral rami

A

Branch into peripheral nerves to anterior and lateral trunk, and upper and lower limbs
fuse to form nerve plexuses
unfused to form segmental nerves (t/s region)

33
Q

Ventral rami that form R and L plexi

A 
Cervical plexus (C1-C5)
Brachial plexus (C5-T1)
Lumbar plexus (L1-L4)
Sacral plexus (L4-S4)
34
Q

Paravertebral ganglia

A

Communicates to sympathetic chain ganglia

35
Q

Prevertebral ganglia

A

Communicates to celiac, superior mesenteric, aorticorenal, and inferior mesenteric sympathetic ganglia

36
Q

Peripheral sensory pathways

A

sensory signals for both viscerosensory and somatosensory are carried by a single neuron from a sensor/receptor > spinal cord >sensory neuron soma (dorsal root ganglion) > dorsal root > dorsal horn (gray matter)

37
Q

Peripheral motor pathways (somatomotor)

A

signals are carried by a single neuron with its soma in the ventral horn from the spinal cord to skeletal muscle

38
Q

Peripheral motor pathways (autonomic motor)

A

signals are carried by two neurons [preganglionic neuron with soma in lateral horn (T1-L2/S2-S4) and postganlionic with soma in a ganglion]
from spinal cord to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or glands

39
Q

Segmentation (types)

A

dermatome

myotome

40
Q

Dermatome

A

region of skin whose somatosensory signals are carried by a particular spinal nerve

41
Q

Myotome

A

all the muscles innervated by a particular spinal nerve

Gross Review (2 decks)

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