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MCN 109 Midterms > Nervous System Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Nervous System Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A
  • nerves
  • carries messages to and from
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3
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A
  • involuntary
  • sympathetic and para sympathetic
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4
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A
  • voluntary
  • sensory and motor
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5
Q

Grey Matter

A
  • receives and stores
  • nerve cell bodies, dendrites, neuroglia and unmyelinated axons
  • where information is processed
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6
Q

White Matter

A
  • myelinated nerve fibers
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7
Q

Dendrite

A

receiver

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8
Q

Axon

A

sender

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9
Q

31 Pairs of Spinal Nerves

A

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

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10
Q

Assessing the Child with Neurologic Disorder

A
  1. health history (mother’s perinatal hx, developmental milestone/ MMDST, school performance)
  2. neurologic exam
  3. diagnostic testing
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11
Q

Neurologic Examination

A
  1. cerebral function
  2. cranial nerves
  3. cerebellar function
  4. motor function
  5. sensory function
  6. reflex function
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12
Q

NE: Cerebral Function

A

ASSESS:
1. LOC
2. orientation intelligence
3. performance
4. mood
5. general behavior

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13
Q

LOC: Alert

A

fully conscious and aware of environment

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14
Q

LOC: Drowsy/ Lethargic

A
  • awake but fatigued
  • may fall asleep if not stimulated
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15
Q

LOC: Obtunded

A
  • further reduced alertness along with decreased responsiveness
  • decreased interest in environment
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16
Q

LOC: Stuporous

A

generally not responsive except to vigorous stimulation

17
Q

LOC: Comatose

A

not arousable

18
Q

Cerebral Function Orientation

A
  • person, place, time
  • age appropriate questions
  • intellectual performance
19
Q

Cerebral Function Immediate Recall

A
  • ability to train concept for a short time
  • number series test (ask to repeat number)
    ○ 3yrs old - until 3 digits
    ○ 6yrs old - until 5 digits
20
Q

Cerebral Function Recent Memory

A
  • slightly longer than immediate recall
  • show object (familiar to child) and ask about it after 5 mins
  • older children: ask what they ate for bfast
21
Q

Cerebral Function Remote Memory

A
  • long term recall
  • preschoolers: ask what they ate for bfast
22
Q

Assess Specific Cerebral Function

A

assess language, sensory interpretation, and motor integration

23
Q

Cerebral Function Stereognosis

A
  • ability to recognize an object by touch
  • ask child to close eyes then place familiar object on hand
24
Q

Cerebral Function Graphesthesia

A
  • ability to recognize shape traced on skin
  • ask child to close eyes then trace circle/ square at back of hand
  • preschooler: shapes
  • older children: numbers (8,0,1)
25
Q

Cerebral Function Kinesthesia

A
  • ability to distinguish movement
  • ask child to close eyes then extend hand in front
  • raise one finger and ask whether up or down
    ** hold at side of finger
26
Q

Cerebral Function Motor Integration

A

ask child to perform complex task such as folding paper then put in tight envelop

27
Q

NE: Cranial Nerve Function

A

depends on whether each nerve is composed of motor, sensory or mixed nerves and the region where nerve endings are located

28
Q

NE: Cerebellar Function

A
  • test for balance and coordination
  • ask child to stand on one foot
  • 4 years old: hold stand for 5 seconds
  • tandem walk
29
Q

NE: Motor Function

A
  • evaluate muscle size, strength, tone
  • measure circumference of calves and thighs or upper and lower arms with tape measure
  • palpate muscle for tone
  • move extremities for passive ROM (evaluate symmetry, spasticity, flaccidity bilaterally)
30
Q

Flaccid

A

no muscle tone at all

31
Q

NE: Sensory Function

A
  • should be able to distinguish light touch, pain, vibration, hot and cold
  • ask child to close eyes and ask to point spot where you touched with object
  • vibration is tested by touching bony prominence with tuning fork
32
Q

NE: Reflex Function

A
  • deep tendon reflex
  • newborn reflex

MCN 109 Midterms (12 decks)

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