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COMPUTER SCIENCE - Paper 1 > Networks > Flashcards

Networks Flashcards

1
Q

What are the differences between a WAN and a LAN

A

Wide-area network: Located geographically distanced across a country or even the world.
Local-area network: Located geographically closer together, in the same building or small site.

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2
Q

Give an example of how WAN and LAN can be used

A

LAN: servers and routers managed by a network owner
WAN: Third party communication channels by internet services (BT or virgin media)

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3
Q

How does a peer-to-peer network function

A

Data is shared directly between systems without a central server.

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4
Q

How does a client-server network function

A

Clients make requests to a server as it is dependent for providing and managing information. The server controls security, backups and updates

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5
Q

Give one use of a client-server network

A

Large companies such as amazon will manage requests clients make and will need powerful servers.

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6
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages to star topology

A
  • Improves security
  • Transfer speed is fast
  • Extra hardware required
  • Central system fails, so does the rest
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7
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages to mesh topology

A
  • Data can take alternative route
  • New systems can be added
  • Large amount of cables
  • Cables connected to systems that will never communicate
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8
Q

List 5 factors that affect the performance of a network

A

Bandwidth, number of users on at the same time, amount of data being transferred, number of data collisions, interference and signal strength

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9
Q

How does a switch work

A

It connects devices together on a LAN, where it receives data packets from a connected node, reads the destination address in the packet header and forwards the data directly to its destination

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10
Q

Describe the purpose of a router

A

Transfers data packets between networks by using the IP address in the packet header to determine the best route to transmit data - router to router

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11
Q

State WAP and why it is used

A

A wireless access point provides a link between wireless and wired networks (wifi or bluetooth hotspot in public areas)

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12
Q

State NIC and why it is required

A

A network interface card is an internal piece of hardware that is required for the computer to connect to a network.

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13
Q

What are the differences between 3 transmission medias

A

Ethernet: Transfers data between nodes and hardware such as switches (in a LAN)
FibreOptic: Expensive, fast cables used to transfer data quickly across a WAN
Coaxial: Older, slower which are affected by electromagnetic interface

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14
Q

State what the internet is and how it’s difference to the World wide web

A

A global network of interconnected networks, and is different as it is a way of accessing information using protocols such as HTTPS to view web pages

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15
Q

What is web hosting

A

A website stored on a web server so then it can be accessed by others using the internet

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16
Q

What is a DNS server

A

Domain name system stores a list of domain names and a list of corresponding IP addresses where the website is stored (as it is easier for humans to remember and type)

17
Q

How is a DNS used to display a webpage

A
  • A domain name is typed into the address bar
  • A query is sent to local DNS for corresponding IP address
  • DNS will check if it corresponds and will pass it to the browser
18
Q

How does the DNS find an IP address if it isn’t found in the Local DNS server

A

The query is passed to another DNS server at a higher level

19
Q

What is Cloud computing

A

Networks of servers accessed by the internet, with the purpose of running applications, remote processing and storing data

20
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of cloud

A
  • Huge capacity
  • Very portable
  • Access can be dependent on connection
21
Q

Which has more freedom? Wired or Wireless

A

Wireless

22
Q

Which is faster? Wired or wireless

A

Wired

23
Q

Which is more secure? Wired or wireless

A

Wired

24
Q

What does Wired and Wireless require

A

Wired: NIC
Wireless: WNIC

25
Q

What is a protocol

A

A set of rules that allow devices to communicate with each other

26
Q

List the 8 protocols

A

TCP, IP, HTTP & HTTPS, FTP, SMTP, POP3 and IMAP

27
Q

Describe TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

A

Allows data packets to be sent and received between computer systems which breaks them down and reassembles them back together

28
Q

Describe IP (Internet Protocol)

A

Routing and addressing data packets to ensure they are sent to the right destination, using an addressing system where every device on a network is given an unique IP address

29
Q

Describe HTTP/HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

A

Used to transfer web pages over the internet so that users can view them in a web browser. HTTPS is a more secure version to transfer encrypted data

30
Q

Describe FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

A

Transfers files across a network, commonly used to upload or download files

31
Q

Describe SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

A

Sends emails to a mail server and between mail servers

32
Q

Describe POP and IMAP (Post Office Protocol & Internet Message Access Protocol)

A

Both protocols used for receiving and storing emails from a mail server. POP deletes an email after downloaded and IMAP syncs message to a mail server

33
Q

What are the network standards

A

Rules that a computer that allows a computer to communicate across networks. Standards have been created to ensure devices can exchange data and work together

34
Q

Why are network designs split into layers

A

Helps visualise different parts of a network as it is simpler and easier to modify

35
Q

This layer ensures data packets are sent and received correctly:

A

Transport

36
Q

This layer checks for errors in transmission and sets out the data packet format:

A

Data Link

37
Q

This layer allows software like web browsers to interact with the network:

A

Application

38
Q

This layer uses address to ensure it takes the correct route:

A

Network

COMPUTER SCIENCE - Paper 1 (6 decks)

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