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exams > neuro > Flashcards

neuro Flashcards

1
Q

direct pathway eg

A

corticospinal

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2
Q

indirect pathway eg

A

rubrospinal
reticulospinal
vestibulospinal
tectospinal

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3
Q

Spinocerebellum →

A

proprioception, muscles of trunk (posture) and limbs

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4
Q

Cerebrocerebellum →

A

movements and fine motor control

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5
Q

Vestibulocerebellum →

A

balance

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6
Q

which layer of the scalp is considered to be the danger layer? - partly because of the tendency for bleeding within this layer to spread rapidly

A

loose areolar tissue (deep)

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7
Q

ascending pathways do ?

A

sensory

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8
Q

DCML - dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway transmits?

A

fine touch, vibration and proprioception to the brain

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9
Q

Gracilis fascicle =
(feet on the grass)

A

lower limbs

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10
Q

Cuneate fascicle =

A

upper limbs

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11
Q

Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscus Pathway

A
  • Decussates at medulla
  • Ascend ipsilaterally in spinal cord
  • Projects to contralateral thalamus, then to somatosensory cortex
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12
Q

Posterior Spinocerebellar Tract

A

Carries proprioceptive and kinesthetic information from the spinal cord to the cerebellum for coordination and balance adjustments.

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13
Q

ant spinothalamic tract

A
  • Crude touch, free nerve endings
  • Pressure, mechanoreceptors
  • Decussates after 1st order neuron travels 1-2 segments up the spinal cord
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14
Q

lateral spinothalamic tracts

A

Pain, nociceptors
Temperature, thermoreceptors
Decussates immediately = at the level of the spinal cord

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15
Q

Spinothalamic Tract

A

Pathways ascend contralaterally after decussation
Projects to contralateral thalamus, then to somatosensory cortex

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16
Q

Brown-sequard syndrome
is?

A

Hemisection of the Spinal Cord

17
Q

Brown-sequard syndrome
symptoms

A

Symptoms
1. Ipsilateral: Motor Paralysis
2. Ipsilateral: Loss of Proprioception and Vibratory Sense
3. Contralateral: Loss of pain and temperature sensation

18
Q

Descending pathways =

A

motor

19
Q

Corticospinal Tract (Pyramidal Tract): does?

A

Voluntary motor control

20
Q

ant corticospinal tract

A

Primary motor cortex → internal capsule → cerebral peduncles → ipsilateral spinal cord
Decussates by 1st order neuron at desired level of spinal cord
Targets contralateral trunk muscles = automatic postural adjustment during movement

21
Q

Lateral corticospinal

A

Primary motor cortex → internal capsule → cerebral peduncles → contralateral spinal cord
Decussates at the medulla pyramids (i.e. cerebral peduncles)
Targets contralateral voluntary muscles of limbs

22
Q

Rubrospinal Tract

A

Assists in motor coordination and posture control.

23
Q

Reticulospinal Tracts (Pontine and Medullary)

A

Regulate muscle tone and autonomic functions.

24
Q

Vestibulospinal Tracts (Medial and Lateral)

A

Control balance, posture, and head/eye movement coordination.

25
Q

Tectospinal Tract

A

Coordinates reflexive head and eye movements in response to visual stimuli.

26
Q

Anterior Spinocerebellar Tract

A

Carries sensory information from the spinal cord to the cerebellum to assist in coordination and balance adjustments.

27
Q

post inf cerebellar artery supplies

A

PICA supplies the cerebellum and medulla oblongata

28
Q

damage to post inf cerebellar artery can cause

A

Vertigo, nystagmus
Ipsilateral ataxia
Dysphagia and dysarthria
Horner’s syndrome

29
Q

superior cerebellar artery supplies

A

SCA supplies superior cerebellum and cerebellar peduncles

30
Q

damage to sup cerebellar artery can cause

A

Ataxia and dysmetria
Intention tremor
Hypotonia

31
Q

stroke affecting middle cerebral artery presents as

A

Contralateral weakness and sensory changes
Arms > Legs
Dysarthria + dysphagia if on dominant hemisphere (usually left)
Hemineglect if on non dominant hemisphere

32
Q

stroke affecting ant cerebral artery presents as

A

Contralateral weakness and sensory changes
Legs > arms
Personality change

33
Q

stroke affecting post cerebral artery presents as

A

Contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

34
Q

meningitis presentation

A

Classic triad: fever, headache, neck
Photophobia
N/V, malaise
Petechial rash if N. Meningitidis
If viral: prodrome of flu like illness

35
Q

Meningeal signs

A

Neck stiffness
Headache
Photophobia
Kernig’s
Brudzinski’s

exams (5 decks)

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