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Anatomy 2 FINAL > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Middle ear contains?

Role of these structures for hearing?

A
  • Ossicles and windows

- Transmits sound from tympanic membrane to cochlea

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2
Q

Inner ear contains?

A

Cochlea and Vestibular apparatus

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3
Q

What cavity contains the auditory neuroepithelium:

A

Cochlear duct (scala media) —inside of membranous labyrinth

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4
Q

What is the osseous labyrinth?

What is the membranous labyrinth?

A
  • bone cavity for Vestibulocochlear appartus

- lymph filled ducts within OL

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5
Q 
Scala vestibuli and Scala tympani (both of the inner ear are filled with:
Scala media (cochlear duct) is filled with:
A
  • perilymph

- endolymph

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6
Q

What organ is found within the cochlear duct?

A

Organ of Corti

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7
Q

What transduces pressure waves into action potentials

A

Organ of Corti

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8
Q

Which cochlear nucleus does language processing?

A

DORSAL cochlear nucleus

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9
Q

Which cochlear nucleus determines location of sound stimulus

A

VENTRAL cochlear nucleus

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10
Q

What carries signals from sup. olivary nucleus, dorsal & ventral cochlear nuclei to inferior colliculus

A

lateral lemniscus

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11
Q

What carries signals to MGB (medial geniculate body)

A

inferior colliculus

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12
Q

What distributes signals to Heschl’s gyrus

A

Medial geniculate body

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13
Q

What is Heschl’s gyrus also called

A

Primary auditory cortex

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14
Q

Superior temporal gyrus is main area of:

A

“what”

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15
Q

Superior parietal lobule does what?

A

plans motor response to stimulus location. (spatial orientation)

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16
Q

3 balance-related structures of inner ear

A
  • Vertical AND horizontal semicircular canals

- Otolith organ

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17
Q

What separates scala tympani and scala media

A

basilar membrane

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18
Q

Static labyrinth is sensitive to ___ acceleration

Serves as head’s:

A
  • Linear acceleration (gravity)

- plumb bob

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19
Q

Utricle= ___ acceleration
Saccule= ___acceleration
These 2 are part of ___ labyrinth

A
  • horizontal (i.e. dragster)
  • vertical (i.e. elevator)
  • Static
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20
Q

Otoliths (otoconia):

Part of ___ labyrinth

A
  • hard crystals above the gelatinous substance. They move sterrocilia and stimulate hair cells
  • Static
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21
Q

Macula is the ____ of the otolith organ.

A

-neuroepithelium

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22
Q

Dynamic labyrinth has 3 semicircular canals; 2 ___, 1 ___

A
  • vertical

- horizontal

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23
Q

Dynamic labyrinth is sensitive to ___ acceleration

A

angular (turning movements of head)

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24
Q

Angular acceleration detected by ___ in dynamic labyrinth. This triggers:

A
  • cupula

- kinocilia & hair cells

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25
Q

If head turns right, cupula on right deflects ___. Right crista ampullaris ___ firing rate

A
  • medially

- increases

26
Q

CN for vestibular portion of inner ear.

Where does this CN terminate in CNS

A
  • CN VIII (vestibulocochlear n.)

- Pontocerebellar junction

27
Q

Where do primary afferents of the semicircular canals and otolith organ terminate in the BRAIN?

A

-Vestibular nuclei (Pontine tegmentum & cerebellum)

28
Q

Myelinated pathway that links vestibular nuclei with abducens nuclei(control eye movement)

A

Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF)

29
Q

What does a doll’s eye maneuver and phenomenon demonstrate

A

Integrity of vestibulo-ocular reflex and MLF.

  • reflex is normally inhibited by cortex
  • normally eyes aren’t fixed on one object.
30
Q

If eyes stay looking at ceiling when head is turned in comatose patient (DOLL’S eyes), they have lesion to:

A

Cortex

31
Q

Which cells detect odors?

A

Olfactory epithelium

32
Q

What structures make up the primary olfactory cortex?

A

Piriform lobe (uncus, periamygdaloid cortex, ant. entorhinal cortex

33
Q

The pupil inverts images (T/F)

A

TRUE

34
Q

Difference of visual field and retinal field

A
  • Visual: what patient sees

- Retinal: region of retina onto which the image is projected

35
Q

Region of retina that provides best vision for COLOR and DETAIL

A

macula lutea & fovea centralis

36
Q

Region of retina that provides best vision for detection of MOVEMENT and LIGHT INTENSITY

A

peripheral retina

37
Q

Blind spot of retina

A

optic disc

38
Q

Which retinal neuron gives rise to the fibers of the optic nerve

A

Ganglion cells (axons)

39
Q

3 structures where primary visual fibers terminate

A

Amygdala, Lateral Geniculate Body (LGB), Visual cortex (occipital lobe)

40
Q

Amygdala function

A

transmission of emotionally-significant images

41
Q

Lateral Geniculate Body function:

Receives fibers from the retina:

A
  • main relay center for visual information,

- retina

42
Q

Retinotopic organization

A

point in the field of vision can be traced to an area of the visual cortex

43
Q

Movement; direction, and velocity comes from which visual area

A

Middle Temporal

44
Q

Perceived motion of stationary targets as observer moves comes from which visual area:

A

Middle Superior Temporal (MST)

45
Q

Recognize faces comes from which visual area

A

Fuciform Face Area (FFA)

46
Q 
Lesion to optic nerve:
Lesion to optic chiasm:
Lesion of optic tract:
Lesion of geniculocalcarine tract:
Lesion of primary visual cortex:
Lesion of fusiform face area:
A
  • monocular blindness
  • loss of lateral vision
  • Loss in contralateral half of each eye
  • quadrantanopia (bilateral quadrant loss)
  • Anton syndrome (denial of blindness)
  • Prosopagnosia (inability to name faces)
47
Q 
Parvocellular pathway
Magnocellular pathway (which one is "what" and which one is "where")
A 
Parvo = what
Magno = where
48
Q

Visual agnosia:

A

Inability to name/desrcribe objects based on vision

49
Q

Charles Bonnet syndrome:

A

Visual hallucinations of people, can be amusing or disturbing but NOT emotional

50
Q

Name the excitatory neuron that is unique to the cerebral cortex:

A

Pyramidal cell

51
Q

How many layers found in archicortex?

Neocortex?

A
  • 3 cell layers

- 6 cell layers

52
Q 
Occipital lobe (fusiform face area) function:
lesion:
A
  • visual center

- prosopagnosia (inability to name faces)

53
Q

Superior parietal lobule function:

lesion:

A
  • takes in touch & vision to direct eye & arm movement

- tactile agnosia (loss of touch knowledge)

54
Q

Inferior parietal lobule function:
lesion:
lesion on right side:

A
  • Helps assemble and remember simple tasks
  • apraxia = person unable to make common movements
  • sensory hemineglect syndrome
55
Q

Dorsolateral temporal lobe function:

Lesion:

A
  • primary auditory cortex

- amnesia (memory loss)

56
Q

Posterior superior temporal gyrus function:

lesion:

A
  • Wernicke’s area, speech and language

- aphasia (verbal but make no sense)

57
Q

Broca’s area function:

lesion:

A
  • Assemble what you want to say

- you know what you want, but can’t say it

58
Q

Inferior temporal gyrus function:

A
  • not precisely known

- prosopagnosia (face blindness)

59
Q

Dorsolateral prefrontal area function:

lesion:

A
  • working memory (what you’re doing RIGHT now)

- can’t learn new task

60
Q

Gerstmann’s syndrome:

A

finger agnosia, difficulty writing

61
Q

Akinesis

A

inability to create voluntary muscle movement

62
Q

Mutism:

A

inability to speak

Anatomy 2 FINAL (1 decks)

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