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From Flashcardlet > Neuro Block 1 > Flashcards

Neuro Block 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Fibrous astrocytes have ? processes and are found in ?

A

long, thin; white matter

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2
Q

Protoplasmic astrocytes have ? processes and are found in ?

A

short, thick; gray matter

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3
Q

Which are the largest glial cells?

A

astrocytes

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4
Q

Which are the most numerous glial cells?

A

astrocytes

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5
Q

Blood in dural venous sinuses drain into ?

A

internal jugular veins

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6
Q

What is the diaphragma sellae?

A

A horizontal hood of dura mater that covers the pituitary gland in the sella turcica

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7
Q

Weakness or sensory loss in leg or foot

A

contralateral ACA

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8
Q

Weakness or sensory loss in face, hand, arm, and trunk

A

contralateral MCA

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9
Q

Broca’s aphasia (non-fluent speech)

A

left MCA (superior division)

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10
Q

Left hemineglect

A

right MCA (inferior division)

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11
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia (impaired comprehension of spoken or written words)

A

left MCA (inferior division)

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12
Q

Internal capsule blood supply

A

lenticuostriate arteries

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13
Q

Brain capillaries are surrounded by what 3 things?

A

basal lamina, pericytes, and astrocyte foot processes

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14
Q

How do insulin or transferrin get across the blood-brain barrier?

A

receptor-mediated transcytosis

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15
Q

How do plasma proteins like albumin get across the blood-brain barrier?

A

adsorptive transcytosis

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16
Q

Where do the middle cerebral veins drain into?

A

cavernous sinus

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17
Q

Where do the orbital veins drain into?

A

superior sagittal sinus

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18
Q

Where do the temporal veins drain into?

A

cavernous sinus

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19
Q

Where does the Great cerebral vein drain into?

A

straight sinus

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20
Q

Central herniation

A

brainstem toward foramen magnum

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21
Q

Transtentorial herniation

A

medial temporal lobe through tentorial notch

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22
Q

Subfalcine herniation

A

cingulate gyrus under falx cerebri

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23
Q

Interventricular foramina of Monro

A

drains from lateral horns to third ventricle

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24
Q

Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius

A

drains from third to fourth ventricle

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25
Q

Foramina of Luschka (lateral) and foramen of Magendie (medial)

A

drains from fourth ventricle to subarachnoid space

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26
Q

Choroid plexus is found mostly where?

A

lateral ventricles

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27
Q

Central sulcus separates what lobes?

A

frontal and parietal

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28
Q

What lobe in the calcarine fissure in?

A

occipital

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29
Q

Primary visual cortex runs on either side of what fissure?

A

calcarine

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30
Q

Primary motor cortex (gyrus, lobe)

A

precentral gyrus, frontal lobe

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31
Q

Motor area for speech (lobe)

A

frontal lobe

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32
Q

Supplementary motor gyri

A

superior and middle frontal gyri

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33
Q

Broca’s area for speech

A

left inferior frontal gyrus, opercular and triangular regions

34
Q

Parietal lobe injury

A

can’t combine sensations to form a concept

35
Q

Primary sensory cortex (gyrus, lobe)

A

postcentral gyrus, parietal lobe

36
Q

Conscious sensation (lobe)

A

parietal lobe

37
Q

Comprehension of language (lobe)

A

temporal lobe

38
Q

Primary auditory cortex (gyrus, lobe)

A

superior temporal gyrus

39
Q

Vision (lobe)

A

occipital lobe

40
Q

What does the calcarine fissure separate?

A

cuneus and lingual gyrus

41
Q

Limbic lobe

A

emotion, drives, memory, 5 F’s

42
Q

Amygdala

A

emotions, memory

43
Q

Where is the insula?

A

deep within Sylvian fissure

44
Q

Basal ganglia

A

motor control, precise control of voluntary movement

45
Q

What makes up the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles?

A

caudate nucleus

46
Q

Transmits all sensation except olfaction to cerebral cortex

A

thalamus

47
Q

Pituitary gland sits in what structuer of what bone?

A

sella turcica of sphenoid bone

48
Q

Regulate movement (fine-tuning)

A

cerebellum

49
Q

Maintains homeostasis

A

brainstem

50
Q

What type of stroke is most common?

A

ischemic

51
Q

What is penumbra?

A

regions of the brain after a stroke receiving collateral flow

52
Q

Are men or women more likely to suffer a stroke?

A

men are more likely until menopause in women

53
Q

What two things do synaptic boutons have a lot of?

A

neurotransmitters and mitochondria

54
Q

Are Golgi type I axons short or long?

A

long

55
Q

Are Golgi type II axons short or long?

A

short

56
Q

Dendrites and axons both lack what organelle?

A

Golgi apparatus

57
Q

Which are the major energy consuming portion of a neuron? Dendrites or axons?

A

dendrites

58
Q

What organelles do axons lack?

A

RER, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus

59
Q

Inheritance pattern of lysosomal storage disease

A

autosomal recessive

60
Q

Tay-Sachs disease

A

lysosomal storage disease, gangliosides accumulate

61
Q

What do lipofuscin granules contain?

A

“indigestable” lysosomal material

62
Q

Most abundant protein in neurons

A

microfilaments

63
Q

Treadmilling happens in what cytoskeletal structures?

A

microtubules/neurotubules and microfilaments

64
Q

Cytochalasins

A

depolymerize F actin

65
Q

Phalloidin

A

stabilizes F actin

66
Q

Colchicine

A

depolymerizes microtubules

67
Q

Taxol

A

stabilizes microtubules

68
Q

What microtubule associated protein is only found in dendrites?

A

MAP-2

69
Q

Kinesin, dynein, which transports toward the positive side and which to the negative side (of microtubules)?

A

kinesin: +
dynein: -

70
Q

Fast anterograde axonal transport uses which motor?

A

kinesin

71
Q

Fast retrograde axonal transport uses which motor?

A

dynein

72
Q

Oligodendrocytes do what?

A

myelination in CNS (one can myelinate many axons)

73
Q

Schwann cells do what?

A

myelination in PNS (one can only myelinate one part of an axon)

74
Q

Name three inhibitors of CNS axonal elongation

A

MAG, neurite inhibitor, nogo gene and protein

75
Q

Multiple sclerosis: which nervous system, what kind of disease

A

CNS, demyelinating

76
Q

Guillain-Barre syndrome: which nervous system, what kind of disease

A

PNS, demyelinating

77
Q

Paralysis that moves up the body

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome

78
Q

Increasing what three factors will increase length constant?

A

diameter, membrane resistance, and insulation

79
Q

Disease caused by antibodies against your own acetylcholinesterase receptors

A

myasthenia gravis

80
Q

Tetanus and botulinum toxins are what kind of enzymes?

A

zinc endoproteases

From Flashcardlet (20 decks)

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