Neuro dz in FA

Question 1

What is controlled by the following cerebral locations:
Vestibular
Frontal lobe
Brainstem
Cortex
Occipital lobe
Basal ganglia

Answer 1

Vestibular: circling/head tilt
Frontal lobe: propulsive movement
Brainstem: disturbed sensorium, blind, seizures
Cortex: consciousness
Occipital lobe: visual reception and interpretation
Basal ganglia: processing link, initiates and directs voluntary movement

Question 2

Where do most CN arise from?

Answer 2

Brain stem

Question 3

What are signs of UMN disease?

Answer 3

Spasticity and hypertonia
Loss of inhibition of myotactic reflexes
Spinal reflexes intact/exaggerated
Loss of voluntary motor function

Question 4

What are signs of LMN disease?

Answer 4

Hypotonia, hyporeflexia
Muscle weakness
Loss of spinal reflexes
Muscle atrophy
Loss of motor innervation

Question 5

What two viruses cause hydrocephalus?

Answer 5

Bluetongue and Akabane

Question 6

What does vitamin A deficiency interfere with?

Answer 6

Absorption of CSF at the arachnoid villi

Question 7

What is the pathogenesis of Vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 7

Interference of CSF absorption –> CSF pressure elevates –> Blindness/seizures –> Papilledema at optic chiasm

Question 8

Cerebellar abiotrophy is an autosomal recessive trait of what cattle breeds?

Answer 8

Herefords and shorthorns

Question 9

Malformed vertebral canal causes what in Charolais, Herefords and Jerseys?

Answer 9

Charolais: myelin disorder
Hereford: neuraxial edema
Jerseys: Hereditary hypomyelinogenesis

Question 10

What kind of effect does tetanolysin have on the body?

Answer 10

Tissue necrotizing effect

• decreased tissue oxygenation
• facilitates bacterial proliferation

Question 11

What does Tetanus do to inhibitory neurons?

Answer 11

Inhibits the action preventing release of glycine and GABA

Irreversible bind

Question 12

What are some CS of tetanus?

Answer 12

Pump-handle tail
Sardonic grin
Prolapsed third eyelid
Spasm of masseter muscles (lock jaw)
Dysphagia

Question 13

What do patients with Tetanus usually die from?

Answer 13

Death by respiratory paralysis

Question 14

What are the four tx options for tetanus?

Answer 14

Eliminate infection (wound debridement)
Neutralization of free TeNT (only before taken up into nerve)
Relief of muscle spasms
Provision of good nursing care

Question 15

What does clostridium botulinum cause?

Answer 15

Blocks Ach release and causes flaccid paralysis

Question 16

What is caused by an ascending LMN infection from tick transmission?

Answer 16

Tick paralysis

Question 17

What are the three phases of Rabies?

Answer 17

Prodromal
Furious (infect limbic system)
Paralytic (infect neocortex)

Question 18

What serotypes cause encephalitic listeriosis?

Answer 18

1a
2a
4b

Question 19

What does the body pH have to be at for Listeriosis to proliferate?

Answer 19

> 5.5

Question 20

What is the hallmark sign of listeriosis?

Answer 20

Unilateral CN deficits

Circling to R, head tilt, facial paralysis

Question 21

What is the tx for Listeriosis?

Answer 21

PPG and OTC

Question 22

What does the CSF look like with Listeria infection?

Answer 22

Inclusion proteins and high count of mononuclear cells

Question 23

Where are the lesions most severe with Listeria infection?

Answer 23

Pons & Medulla

Question 24

What is the cause of TEME?

Answer 24

Histophilus somni

Question 25

How long with a TEME infection until CS arise?

Answer 25

36 hours

Question 26

What does TEME cause internally?

Answer 26

Drastic influx of albumin and reduced transendothelial electrical resistance–> increased paracellular permeability of vascular endothelial cells

Question 27

What is another name for TEME infection?

Answer 27

Sleeper syndrome

Question 28

What are brain abscesses caused by?

Answer 28

Truperella pyogens

Question 29

What is the mesh of capillary beds covering the pituitary called?

Answer 29

Rete mirabile

Question 30

What is the valveless venous system that bathes the pituitary?

Answer 30

Cavernous sinus

Question 31

What does thiamine deficiency cause?

Answer 31

Polioencephalomalacia

Swelling and softening of the gray matter caused by dysfunction of the Na-K ATP pump

Question 32

What do grain diets promote allowing for the dysfunction of the Na-K ATPase pump?

Answer 32

Promote H2S gas

Question 33

What are the toxic levels of sulfur in water, diet and rumen gas?

Answer 33

Water: >1000 ppm
Diet: >4000 ppm
Rumen gas: >1000 ppm

Question 34

What is the tx for nervous ketosis?

Answer 34

50% glucose IV and then propylene glycol PO for a few days

Question 35

What is otitis media caused by?

Answer 35

Mycoplasma bovis

Question 36

What is seen on blood smear with a cattle who has lead poisoning?

Answer 36

Basophilic stippling & normocytic, normochromic anemia

Question 37

What is the tx for lead poisoning?

Answer 37

CaEDTA

Question 38

What does enzootic ataxia cause and what causes it?

Answer 38

Copper deficiency

Bilateral symmetric myelin degradation in dorsolateral spinal cord tracts –> “Swayback”

Question 39

What is the major lesion of progressive ataxia in cattle?

Answer 39

Eosinophilic plaques on white matter in brain/spinal cord

Question 40

What cattle breeds are seen with progressive degenerative myeloencephalopathy?

Answer 40

Brown swiss and Angler calves

“Weaver syndrome”

Question 41

WHere are lesions of “Weaver syndrome” at?

Answer 41

White matter of spinal cord

Question 42

What does sciatica present as?

Answer 42

Dropped hock and knuckled fetlock

Question 43

What does femoral n. paralysis present as?

Answer 43

Hunched over and non-weight bearing

Question 44

What does obturator n. paralysis present as?

Answer 44

Splay leg

Question 45

What parasite in cattle leads to neuro signs- 1st instar larvae migrate to SQ

Answer 45

Hypoderma bovis