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ANP neuro > Neuro pt 4 > Flashcards

Neuro pt 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 levels of processing sensory information

A

Receptor,circuit and perceptual

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2
Q

How do you generate a signal at the receptor level

A

A stimulus matches the receptor within the receptive field.
A transduction transforms into a graded potential,
The graded potential needs reach threshold

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3
Q

What does graded potential mean

A

free dendrites or encapsulated receptors

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4
Q

what are receptor potential

A

they are used for special senses

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5
Q

What is adaptation

A

reduction of sensitivity when presented with a constant stimulant ( NOT PAINFUL)

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6
Q

Where is peripheral adaptation found

A

it is found at the receptor level and REDUCES info to the CNS

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7
Q

What are phasic receptors

A

They are fast adapting receptors for special senses

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8
Q

What are tonic receptors?

A

They are sustained and have no adaptation

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9
Q

What will order one neuron bring

A

Information to CNS that will synapse with 2nd order.

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10
Q

What will the 2nd order neurons do

A

they ascend towards the brain

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11
Q

what will 3rd neurons do

A

Their cell bodies will take the info to the right sensory area.

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12
Q

Name the 3 main pathways for somatosensory info

A

Dorsal column-medial lemniscal,spinothalamic,spinocerebellar

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13
Q

what do Dorsal pathways do

A

their target is the thalamus with a single type of receptors, which can be localized on the body’s surface

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14
Q

What do spinothalamic pathways do

A

They target the thalamus with several types of receptors and are not localized by a source easily.

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15
Q

What do spinocerebellar pathways do

A

They target the cerebellum and they send info to the muscle or tendon to COORDINATE ( not consciously aware)

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16
Q

What is the difference between sensation and perception

A

the sensation is when you’re aware of changes internal of external
Preception is when you are conscious

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17
Q

What is perceptual detection

A

When someone is aware

18
Q

what is magnitude estimation

A

determines how intense is the stimulus

19
Q

What is spatial discrimination

A

a way to localize the stimulus.

20
Q

What is feature abstraction

A

When each neuron tuned to one feature of a stimulus.( SENSORY EXPERIENCE)

21
Q

What is quality discrimination

A

Distinguish submodalities of a particular sensation

22
Q

What is pattern recognition

A

recognition of familiar stuff

23
Q

What are pain chemicals

A

Histamine,K+,ATP,acids and bradykinin

24
Q

What carries when you feel a sharp pain

A

The smallest myelinated sensory fibres ( A DELTA FIBERS)

25
Q

What carries when you feel burning pain

A

Slowly by nonmyelinated C fibres

26
Q

What happens with neurotransmitters and pain

A

Glutamate and Substance P go to 2nd order and ascend via spinothalamic

27
Q

What happens with pain suppression

A

Endorphins and enkephalins are released and trigger SNS. The pathway relay on cortical and hypothalamic pain signals, when enkephalins block pain signals generated by nociceptors.

28
Q

What is the difference between pain tolerance and pain threshold

A

Pain threshold is the amount of stimulus. Pain tolerance is different from everyone it varies by mental state or genetics.

29
Q

What is somatic pain

A

It is musculoskeletal pain by aching.throbbing or cramping.

30
Q

What is visceral pain

A

Pain associated with organs of thorax or abdominal.

31
Q

What is referred pain

A

Pain that appears from one part of the body but comes from somewhere else

32
Q

What is phantom pain

A

It is a type of hyperalgesia where NMDA receptors are making learned pain.

33
Q

What are the three types of papillae

A

Fungiform, vallate and foliate

34
Q

What are the characteristic of fungiform

A

They are mushroomshaped and have 1-5 taste buds

35
Q

What are the characteristics of vallate

A

Largest taste buds up to 8-12 that makes a V shape

36
Q

What are the characteristics of Foliate

A

Taste bud from childhood but they decrease with age

37
Q

What are the 5 basic taste modalities

A

sweet,sour,salty,bitter and umami

38
Q

Why are taste receptors more sensitive to bitter

A

Since its to detect toxic substances

39
Q

Do taste adapter adapt rapidly or slowly

A

rapidly

40
Q

What happens when you are tasting something salty

A

The influx of Na chanels depolarizes gustatory epithelial cells

ANP neuro (5 decks)

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