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Anatomy Midterm > neuroanatomy > Flashcards

neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Dura mater

A

tough layer with nerves and blood vessels

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2
Q

Meninges

A

outer protective coverings of the brain

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3
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

weblike with no blood vessels. Cerebral Spinal Fluid circulates in the subarachnoid space.

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4
Q

Pia mater

A

covers surface of the brain, has blood vessels and nerves- nourishes the brain.

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5
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

provides protection/nutrition
high in Na+, K+, and glucose
Made in/secreted into ventricles

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6
Q

Ventricles

A

interconnected cavities in the brain that are continuous with the spaces around the spinal cord.

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7
Q

Grey Matter

A

on surface of the brain
is grey bcs of many unmyelinated cells

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8
Q

White Matter

A

internal, lighter tissue
consists of myelinated axons

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9
Q

Blood-Brain Barrier

A

-protects against infections of CNS, important to maintain homeostasis, -Astrocytes release chemical for formation of tight junctions,transport proteins for water/glucose.
-Lipids can pass the BBB
- not present in pituitary gland

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10
Q

Sulcus (Sulci)

A

wrinkle/furrows on the surface of the brain (increase the SA:V)

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11
Q

Gyrus (Gyri)

A

ridges on surface of the brain (increase the SA:V)

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12
Q

Transverse fissure

A

separates temporal and Occipital lobe

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13
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

separates left and right hemisphere

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14
Q

Lateral/Sylvian fissure

A

separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobe.

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15
Q

Central Sulcus

A

sepreates frontal and pariental lobes

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16
Q

Primary Motor Cortex

A

where entire body is mapped out, devioted to hands, face, tongue

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17
Q

Somatosensory Cortex

A

(feelings) face, thumb, genitals

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18
Q

Frontal lobe

A

personality, planning, decision-making,
changes in teenagers

19
Q

Parietal lobe

A

analyze and integrate sensory information

20
Q

Occipital lobe

A

visual processing

21
Q

Temporal lobe

A

hearing, taste, facial recognition,

22
Q

Broca’s area

A

left hemisphere/frontal lobe: language production, saying the intended words in correct sequence

23
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

left hemisphere/temporal: language meaning

24
Q

Limbic system (mid brain)

A

controls basic moods (anger, fear, pleasure), and drives (hunger, sex, dominance, familial bonds)

25
Q

Reptilian brain

A

vital functions- breathin, body temperature, balance

26
Q

Amygdala

A

emotional learning,

27
Q

Hippocampus

A
  • formation/retintion of short + long term memory (Episodic, Declarative, Spacial)
  • connected to amygdala
28
Q

Thalamus

A

central connection hub, connected to all areas, regulates conciousness

29
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Secretes hormones that influence stress, growth, metabolism, reproduction, lactation
Acromegaly - human overgrowth

30
Q

Hypothalamus

A

controls pituitary gland, regulates metabolism/automatic processes

31
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Largest white matter, communication highway between both two hemispheres

32
Q

Cerebellum

A

language, balance, coordination
wrinkly to increase SA:V

33
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

movement, reward, and habits

34
Q

Cerebrum

A

largest part of brain, initiates/ coordinates movement, regulates temperature

35
Q

Meningitis

A

infection of the meninges; inflammation

36
Q

Huntington’s disease (too much accelator)

A

malformed proteins cause cell death in hippocampus, cerebrum, cerebellum, cant prevent certain movements, Treatment- benzodiazepines

36
Q

Parkinson’s disease (too much brake)

A

Death of dopamine producing cells near the thalamus, affect motor control; shakiness, slow movements.
Treatment- dopamine agonists

37
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

misfolded protein (plaques), tangled proteins, temporal lobe,

38
Q

MEG

A

Functional: electrical activity,

38
Q

EEG

A

Electrical activity, lot of electric things on head to measure brain activity NO IMAGING. (Good for sleep disorders, epilepsy, coma)

38
Q

CAT/CT Scan

A

Structural (Point in time) XRAY / Slices of brain, to look for brain damage

38
Q

MRI

A

Structural (Point in Time): how brain looks

39
Q

fMRI

A

Functional: measure changes in blood flow, no brain activity, how brain looks as ur thinking, which areas demand more O2

Anatomy Midterm (5 decks)

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