Neuroanatomy

Question 1

What is the breakdown of the nervous system?

Answer 1

CNS- Brain and spinal cord

PNS- somatic/ autonomic –> afferent/ efferent (both)
- efferent –> Sympathetic/ parasympathetic

Question 2

What does the sympathetic NS account for?

Answer 2

Fight/flight

Question 3

What does the parasympathetic ns account for?

Answer 3

homeostasis, rest and digest

Question 4

How is the CNS protected?

Answer 4

Encased in bone and covered by three meninges:

- Dura mater: tough outer 
- Arachnoid membrane: web-like 
- Pia mater: adheres to CNS surface 

Blood clots form between these layers

Question 5

What does cerebrospinal fluid do and where is it found?

Answer 5

It acts as a cushion and is found between arachnoid membrane and pia mater, and also in ventricles

Question 6

What are the 5 major divisions of the brain?

Answer 6

1. Telencephalon
   
   2. Diencephalon
   3. Mesencephalon
   4. Metencephalon
      
      5. Meylencephalon

Question 7

What makes up the hindbrain?

Answer 7

Mylencephalon

Metencephalon

Question 8

What makes up the midbrain?

Answer 8

Mesencephalon

Tectum had interior and superior colliculi

Question 9

What makes up the forebrain?

Answer 9

Diencephalon

- Thalamus (relay station for sensory information) 
- Hypothalamus (involved in 'homeostatic' mechanisms to maintain normal state of body temp, hunger, heart rate etc.)   

Telencephalon: Cerebral cortex

- Outermost part of forebrain, responsible for analysis sensory info and higher brain functions
- Convolutions serve to increase surface area. 
- Longitudinal fissure- a groove that separates right and left hemispheres 
- Corpus callosum- largest hemisphere connecting tract

Question 10

What are the names of the four lobes?

Answer 10

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

Question 11

What areas does the frontal lobe have?

Answer 11

Prefrontal cortex and premotor cortex

Question 12

What areas does the parietal lobe have?

Answer 12

Primary somatosensory cortex and somatosensory association cortex

Question 13

What areas does the occipital lobe have?

Answer 13

Visual association cortex

Question 14

Which division of the brain is the limbic system in? And what does the limbic system do?

Answer 14

Telencephalon

Involved in regulation of motivated behaviours, including memory and emotion

Question 15

Which division of the brain is the basal ganglia in? And what is the basal ganglia involved in?

Answer 15

Telencephalon

Involved in the control of movement

Question 16

What does the pns do?

Answer 16

Carries info into cns and carries signals away

Question 17

What are afferent nerves

Answer 17

Sensory

Question 18

What are efferent nerves

Answer 18

motor

Question 19

What does the Diencephalon have?

Answer 19

• Thalamus (relay station for sensory information)

- Hypothalamus (involved in ‘homeostatic’ mechanisms to maintain normal state of body temp, hunger, heart rate etc.)

Question 20

What does the Telencephalon have?

Answer 20

Cerebral cortex

- Outermost part of forebrain
- Convolutions- increase surface area. 
- Longitudinal fissure- a groove that separates right and left hemispheres 
- Corpus callosum