Neurocognitive Disorders

Question 1

Neurocognitive Disorders

Answer 1

syndromes marked by significant cognitive decline impacting memory, thinking, and daily functioning.
Primary focus on cognitive function impairment not present at birth.
- impact a person’s ability to remember information, solve problems, communicate effectively, and carry out daily tasks independently.

Question 2

Executive Function

Answer 2

Involves planning/decision-making, overriding inhibition, mental flexibility.

Question 3

Learning and Memory

Answer 3

Covers immediate & recent memory, recognition, very long term memory, implicit learning.

Question 4

Language

Answer 4

Encompasses expressive language, receptive language, etc.

Question 5

Perceptual-Motor

Answer 5

Includes visual perception, visuoconstructional, perceptual-motor, praxis, and gnosis.

Question 6

Social Cognition

Answer 6

Involves recognition of emotions, theory of mind.

Question 7

Delirium

Answer 7

Disturbance in attention and decreased awareness of surroundings.
Issues develop over a short period of time and fluctuate in severity throughout the day.
Additional issues in cognition like memory deficits, disorientation, perception

Question 8

Major Neurocognitive Disorders

Answer 8

Noticeable decline in cognitive function affecting attention, memory, or language.
Confirmed decline by standardized neuropsychological testing.
Disruption in managing daily tasks independently.
Not occurring exclusively in the presence of delirium.
Not better explained by another mental health disorder.

Question 9

Mild Neurocognitive Disorders

Answer 9

Signs of slight cognitive decline in one or more cognitive areas.
Confirmed decline by standardized neuropsychological testing.
Cognitive impairments do not disrupt managing daily tasks independently.
Not occurring exclusively in the presence of delirium.
Not better explained by another mental health disorder.

Question 10

Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 10

Characterized by neurotic plaques buildup of beta-amyloid proteins and neurofibrillary tangles buildup of tau proteins.
Progressive memory loss and cognitive decline

Question 11

Lewy Bodies

Answer 11

Abnormal protein build-up of alpha-synuclein.
Fluctuating cognition, visual hallucinations, spontaneous Parkinsonism.

Question 12

Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 12

Progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting movement.
Motor symptoms include tremors, bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability.
Non-motor symptoms include depression, anxiety, cognitive changes, hyposmia, constipation.

Question 13

Traumatic Brain Injury

Answer 13

Disruption in normal brain function caused by head injury.
Can result from incidents like car accidents, sports injuries, assaults.
Different patterns of brain damage can occur.

Question 14

Vascular Disease:

Answer 14

a neurological disorder caused by problems with blood flow in the brain, leading to cognitive issues.

Question 15

What is the key difference between Lewy Body Dementia and Parkinson’s

Answer 15

Lewy Body Dementia, cognitive symptoms like hallucinations and fluctuating cognition appear early in the disease course, while in Parkinson’s Disease, cognitive symptoms typically develop later.

Question 16

What is the key feature that separates Neurocognitive Disorders from
Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Answer 16

is the timing of onset. Neurocognitive Disorders typically manifest later in life due to acquired factors like diseases or injuries, while Neurodevelopmental Disorders are present from early childhood and arise from atypical brain development.

Question 17

Can you explain the difference in the timing of onset between Neurocognitive Disorders and Neurodevelopmental Disorders?

Answer 17

Neurocognitive Disorders typically manifest later in life due to acquired factors like diseases or injuries, while Neurodevelopmental Disorders are present from early childhood and arise from atypical brain development.