neuromuscular control proprioception

Question 1

what is the kisner and colby definition of neuromuscular control

Answer 1

Interaction of the sensory and motor systems that enables synergists, agonists, and antagonists, as well as stabilizers and neutralizers to anticipate or respond to proprioceptive and kinesthetic information and, subsequently, to work in correct sequence to create coordinated
movements

Question 2

riemann and lephart def of neuromuscular control

Answer 2

Specifically from a joint stability perspective, we define neuromuscular control as: Unconscious activation of dynamic restraints occurring in preparation for and in response to joint motion and loading for the purpose of maintaining and restoring functional joint mobility

Question 3

describe feedback control

Answer 3

stimulation of a corrected response within a system after sensory detection

Question 4

describe feedforward control

Answer 4

anticipatory actions occurring before the sensory detection of a homeostasis disruption

Question 5

what input provides info required for both systems in motor activities

Answer 5

Somatosensory, visual and vestibular input

Question 6

describe joint perturbations of sensorimotor system

Answer 6

Mechanoreceptor stimulation –> neural transmission –> integration of the signals by CNS –> transmission of an efferent signal –> muscle
activation –> force production

Question 7

describe stability in clinical relevance to sensorimotor sys

Answer 7

state of a joint remaining or promptly returning to alignment through an equalization of forces
* Complementary relationship between static and dynamic components

Question 8

what is proprioception

Answer 8

Afferent information arising from internal peripheral areas of the body that contribute to postural control, joint stability and conscious sensations

Question 9

what does ruffini endings do

Answer 9

Static and dynamic receptors
Low threshold, slow adapting characteristics

Question 10

what does pacinian corpuscle

Answer 10

Dynamic receptors
Low threshold, quick adapting

Question 11

what does golgi tendon organs do

Answer 11

Very low threshold, high dynamic sensitivity
Provide CNS with feedback concerning muscle tension

Question 12

what does muscle spindles do

Answer 12

Mainly sensitive to changes in muscle length, or rate of change in muscle length

Question 13

what do mechanoreceptors do

Answer 13

Creates a neurological (electrical) signal to the CNS from mechanical deformation

Question 14

what factors are affected by neuromuscular control

Answer 14

• Coordinated muscular activity
• Dynamic joint stability
• Postural control
• Optimal movement patterns
• Often affected by injury

Question 15

levels of motor control (areas responsible for modulating and regulating motor commands) corresponds with and associated areas

Answer 15

Central Axis corresponds with
* Spinal cord
* Brainstem
* Cerebral Cortex
Associated areas
* Cerebellum
* Basal ganglia

Question 16

describe the brainstem

Answer 16

• Major circuits that control postural equilibrium
• Automatic and stereotype movements of the body
• Directly regulate and modulate motor activity from visual, vestibular and somatosensory information
• Relay station of information from spinal cord to cerebral cortex

Question 17

describe the cerebral cortex

Answer 17

• Directing and initiating more complex and discrete voluntary movements
• Organization and preparation of motor commands
• Responsible for choosing the muscles to be activated, force produced and direction of movement
• Programming complex sequences of movement

Question 18

describe the associated areas (cerebellum and basal ganglia)

Answer 18

• Cannot independently initiate motor activity
• Essential for execution of coordinated motor control

Question 19

describe the cerebellum

Answer 19

Subconscious level –> planning and modification of motor activities through comparison of intended movement and outcome movement

Question 20

describe the basal ganglia

Answer 20

Higher order, cognitive aspects of motor control

Question 21

what can impair proprioception

Answer 21

joint injury (ligament or capsule, meniscus), muscle damage (strain or atrophy), joint swelling

Question 22

neuromuscular rehab what is damaged

Answer 22

receptors, afferent signals, efferent signals

Question 23

what do we need to work on getting back in neuromuscular rehab

Answer 23

-Muscle firing
-Muscle firing with the right strength
-Muscle firing at the right time
-Muscle firing and contributes positively to what athlete needs (stability, power)

Question 24

general progression of proprioception balance

Answer 24

Question 25

general progression of proprioception coordination

Answer 25

Question 26

general progression of proprioception agility

Answer 26