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Neuro3400 > Neurotransmitters: deck 2 (Unit 3) > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters: deck 2 (Unit 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What neurotransmitters are classified as Monoamines?

A

Serotonin, Dopamine, Norepinephrine

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2
Q

What Monoamines are Catecholamines?

A

Dopamine and Norepinephrine

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3
Q

What neurotransmitters are Catecholamines?

A

Dopamine and Norepinephrine

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4
Q

What neurotransmitters are classified as Amino acids?

A

GABA
Glutamate
Glycine
Aspartate

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5
Q

Where is Acetylcholine (ACh) found?

A

Motor Neuron
Brain: basal ganglia and nucleus basalis of Meynert
Autonomic nervous system: sympathetic and parasympathetic ns

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6
Q

What diseases is Acetylcholine (ACh) used to treat?

A

Two diseases associated with memory:
Alzheimer’s disease
Dementia

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7
Q

What neurotransmitter is used to treat the memory-related diseases Alzheimer’s and Dementia?

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

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8
Q

What are Acetylcholine’s (ACh) ionotropic and metabotropic receptors?

A

Ionotropic –> nicotinic receptors, excitatory
Metabotropic –> muscarinic receptors, excitatory or inhibitory

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9
Q

Acetylcholine’s Inotropic receptors are __________ and exhibit ________ response.

muscarinic receptors; excitatory
muscarinic receptor; inhibitory
muscarinic receptor; excitatory or inhibitory
nicotinic receptors; excitatory
nicotinic receptors; inhibitory
nicotinic receptors; excitatory or inhibitory

A

nicotinic receptors; excitatory

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10
Q

Acetylcholine’s metabotropic receptors are __________ and exhibit ________ response.

muscarinic receptors; excitatory
muscarinic receptor; inhibitory
muscarinic receptor; excitatory or inhibitory
nicotinic receptors; excitatory
nicotinic receptors; inhibitory
nicotinic receptors; excitatory or inhibitory

A

muscarinic receptor; excitatory or inhibitory

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11
Q

What is an ionotropic receptor?

A

a ligand channel activated by direct ion action

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12
Q

What is a metabotropic receptor?

A

Activation of a channel by indirect ion action

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13
Q

What are the two Acetylcholine (ACh) receptors?

A

Nicotinic receptor
Muscarinic receptor

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14
Q

Where is Serotonin (5-HT) found?

A

brain and brain stem:
pineal gland
raphe nuclei in the pons
limbic function (emotion/mood, hunger, sex, instincts, temp) sleep

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15
Q

What functions are Serotonin (5-HT) involved in?

A

limbic function (emotion/mood, hunger, sex, instincts, temp) sleep

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16
Q

What is Serotonin (5-HT) used to treat?

A

Depression and Sleep regulation (limbic function)

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17
Q

How is Serotonin (5-HT) used to treat depression?

A

using a class of anti-depressants called SSRI
SSRI: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhbitionors

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18
Q

What is an SSRI?

A

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhbitionors

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19
Q

What are Serotonin’s (5-HT) ionotropic and metabotropic receptors?

A

Ionotropic: 5-HT3 receptor, excitatory
Metabotropic: 5-HT1-7 receptor excitatory or inhibitory

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20
Q

What are Serotonin’s receptors?

A

5-HT3: excitatory
5-HT1-7: excitatory or inhibitory

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21
Q

Where is Dopamine found?

A

brain and brain stem:
substantia nigra (reward, addiction, movement)
hypothalamus (inhibits prolactin release)

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22
Q

What are the functions are related to Dopamine?

A

reward, addiction, and movement

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23
Q

What diseases are caused by Dopamine imbalances?

A

Schizophrenia
Psychosis

24
Q

What disease is associated with an absence of dopamine?

A

Parkinson’s disease

25
Q

What diseases is Dopamine used to treat?

A

Schizophrenia
Psychosis
Parkinson’s disease

26
Q

What disease is associated with an excess of Dopamine?

A

Schizophrenia
Psychosis

27
Q

What are Dopamine’s ionotropic and metabotropic receptors?

A

Ionotropic: none
Metabotropic:
D1, excitatory (K+/CA2+)
D2, inhibitory (K+/CA2+)

28
Q

What are Dopamine’s receptors?

A

D1, excitatory (K+/CA2+)
D2, inhibitory (K+/CA2+)

29
Q

Where is Norepinephrine?

A

Brain: Locus ceruleus, projecting to cortex
Autonomic NS: Sympathetic neurons (final product, postganglionic neurons)

30
Q

What functions are related to Norepinephrine?

A

arousal, attention, and anxiety

31
Q

What is Norepinephrine used to treat?

A

ADHD: regain focus and attention
Anxiety: reduce arousal
Cardiac failure: increased heart rate

32
Q

What are Norepinephrine’s ionotropic and metabotropic receptors?

A

Ionotropic: none
Metabotropic:
alpha 1 and beta 1 (excitatory)
alpha 2 and beta 2 (inhibitory)

33
Q

What are Norepinephrine’s receptors?

A

alpha 1 and beta 1 (excitatory)
alpha 2 and beta 2 (inhibitory)

34
Q

Where is Glutamate found?

A

Excites everything in the CNS:
Cerebral Cortex
Spinal Cord
Brain stem
Hippocampus
Cerebellum

35
Q

What are the functions of Glutamate?

A

Excites everything in the CNS: motor, sensory and cognitive neurons

36
Q

What is Glutamate used to treat?

A

ALS, Lou Gehrig’s disease:
excites: motor, sensory, and cognitive neurons

37
Q

What is the consequence of too much Glutamate?

A

over excitatory neurons leading them to be damaged or killed

38
Q

What are Glutamates ionotropic and metabotropic receptors?

A

ionotropic: NMDA, AMPA and Kainate receptor
metabotropic: Gs and Gq pathways

39
Q

What are Glutamate’s receptors?

A

all excitatory:
NMDA
AMPA
Kainate
GS and GQ pathways

40
Q

Where is GABA found?

A

** Predominately in interneurons
inhibits everything in CNS:
Cerebral Cortex
Spinal Cord
Brainstem
Hippocampus
Cerebellum
Basal Ganglia

41
Q

What are the functions of GABA?

A

inhibits everything in CNS: motor, sensory, and cognitive neurons

42
Q

What neurotransmitter is predominately in interneurons?

A

GABA

43
Q

What is GABA used to treat?

A

anxiety
rehab for drug use

44
Q

What is GABA used for?

A

sedation
muscular relaxation
cardiorespiratory relaxation
inhibits pain
inhibits reflex

45
Q

What are GABA’s ionotropic and metabotropic receptors?

A

BOTH INHIBIT
ionotropic: GABA(A) receptor (Cl- ligand-gated channel)
metabotropic: GABA(B) receptor (decreases cAMP and increases K channels)

46
Q

What are GABA’s receptors?

A

BOTH INHIBIT
GABA(A) receptor (Cl- ligand-gated channel)
GABA(B) receptor (decreases cAMP and increases K channels)

47
Q

What do GABA (A) receptors do?

A

Cl- ligand-gated channel

48
Q

Which describes GABA (A) receptors?

Cl- ligand-gated channel
decreases cAMP and increases K channels

A

Cl- ligand-gated channel

49
Q

What do GABA (B) receptors do?

A

decreases cAMP and increases K channels

50
Q

Which describes GABA (B) receptors?

Cl- ligand-gated channel
decreases cAMP and increases K channels

A

decreases cAMP and increases K channels

51
Q

What is the universal excitatory neurotransmitter?

A

Glutamate

52
Q

What is the universal inhibitory neurotransmitter?

A

GABA

53
Q

Where is Glycine found?

A

in spinal cord
inhibits spinal cord interneurons

54
Q

What functions does Glycine exhibit?

A

inhibits spinal cord interneurons

55
Q

What is Glycine used to treat?

A

Spasticity
Cerebral palsy?
metabolic disorders in patients with cardiovascular diseases, several inflammatory diseases, obesity, cancers, and diabetes

56
Q

What are Glycines ionotropic and metabotropic receptors?

A

ionotropic: Cl- channel (inhibitory)
metabotropic: none

57
Q

What are Glycine’s receptors?

A

Cl-channel (inhibitory)

Neuro3400 (36 decks)

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