Nomenclature Flashcards
Auxiliary Verb
A type of verb that combines with other verbs to establish the verb tense.
Greg is coming to the party
We were studying
My family has traveled
Indicative Mood
This conveys things the speaker believes to be true, real actions, and objective statements.
Ex: él limpia la casa
Subjunctive Mood
The subjunctive mood is used to express doubts, wishes, hypotheticals, and things that are not certain to happen.
Ex: quiero que el limpie la casa
Which moods / tenses should I learn to be conversational in Spanish ?
To become conversational in Spanish, focusing on key tenses and moods will help you navigate most everyday situations effectively. Here’s a recommended list to start with:
Indicative Mood
The indicative mood is used for statements of fact and reality. It’s essential for most conversational needs.
1. Present: For current actions, habitual actions, and general truths. 2. Preterite: For completed actions in the past. 3. Imperfect: For ongoing or repeated actions in the past. 4. Future: For actions that will happen in the future.
Imperative Mood
The imperative mood is used for commands or requests.
5. Imperative: For giving orders or advice. You’ll need to learn both the affirmative and negative forms.
Subjunctive Mood
The subjunctive mood expresses wishes, hopes, and uncertainty and is used less frequently in everyday conversation than the indicative but is still important for expressing desires, doubts, and possibilities.
6. Present Subjunctive: For expressing desires, doubts, and wishes about present or future actions. 7. Imperfect Subjunctive: Less common in daily conversation but useful for expressing the same as the present subjunctive, in relation to past actions.
Conditional Mood
The conditional mood is used to express hypothetical situations and the consequences of these hypotheticals.
8. Conditional: For actions that would happen under certain conditions.
Progressive and Perfect Tenses
While not moods, these are forms that help indicate ongoing actions or actions that have been completed.
9. Present Progressive: For actions that are currently happening. 10. Present Perfect: For actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past or that have relevance to the present moment.
By focusing on these tenses and moods, you’ll be able to handle a wide range of conversational situations in Spanish. Practice each tense with common verbs to become comfortable in conversation. Additionally, exposure to Spanish through conversation, media, and reading will help you understand how these tenses and moods are used in context.
All moods and tenses for hablar
Here are the conjugations for the verb “hablar” (to speak) in various moods and tenses, excluding the “vosotros” form:
Indicative Mood
• Present: yo hablo, tú hablas, él/ella/Ud. habla, nosotros hablamos, ellos/ellas/Uds. hablan • Preterite: yo hablé, tú hablaste, él/ella/Ud. habló, nosotros hablamos, ellos/ellas/Uds. hablaron • Imperfect: yo hablaba, tú hablabas, él/ella/Ud. hablaba, nosotros hablábamos, ellos/ellas/Uds. hablaban • Future: yo hablaré, tú hablarás, él/ella/Ud. hablará, nosotros hablaremos, ellos/ellas/Uds. hablarán
Imperative Mood (Commands)
• Affirmative: tú habla, Ud. hable, nosotros hablemos, Uds. hablen • Negative: tú no hables, Ud. no hable, nosotros no hablemos, Uds. no hablen
Subjunctive Mood
• Present: yo hable, tú hables, él/ella/Ud. hable, nosotros hablemos, ellos/ellas/Uds. hablen • Imperfect: yo hablara, tú hablaras, él/ella/Ud. hablara, nosotros habláramos, ellos/ellas/Uds. hablaran
Conditional Mood
• Conditional: yo hablaría, tú hablarías, él/ella/Ud. hablaría, nosotros hablaríamos, ellos/ellas/Uds. hablarían
Progressive and Perfect Tenses
• Present Progressive: estoy hablando, estás hablando, está hablando, estamos hablando, están hablando • Present Perfect: he hablado, has hablado, ha hablado, hemos hablado, han hablado
These conjugations cover the most commonly used moods and tenses for everyday conversation in Spanish.
Sample sentence for each using hablar
Here’s a short sample sentence for each of the specified moods and tenses for the verb “hablar”:
Indicative Mood
• Present: Yo hablo español con mis amigos. (I speak Spanish with my friends.) • Preterite: Ayer hablé con María por teléfono. (Yesterday, I talked to María on the phone.) • Imperfect: Cuando era niño, hablaba con mis abuelos todos los días. (When I was a child, I used to talk to my grandparents every day.) • Future: Mañana hablaré con el profesor después de clase. (Tomorrow, I will talk to the teacher after class.)
Imperative Mood (Commands)
• Affirmative: Habla más despacio, por favor. (Speak more slowly, please.) • Negative: No hables durante la película. (Don’t talk during the movie.)
Subjunctive Mood
• Present: Espero que él hable claro sobre sus intenciones. (I hope he speaks clearly about his intentions.) • Imperfect: Si yo hablara mejor español, viajaría a España. (If I spoke better Spanish, I would travel to Spain.)
Conditional Mood
• Conditional: Yo hablaría más si tuviera más confianza. (I would speak more if I had more confidence.)
Progressive and Perfect Tenses
• Present Progressive: Estoy hablando con tú ahora mismo. (I am talking to you right now.) • Present Perfect: He hablado con ella sobre ese asunto. (I have spoken to her about that matter.)
These sentences offer a practical application of each mood and tense using “hablar,” helping to understand their use in context.
Recién
Newly (adverb)
All moods and tenses for escribir
Of course! Here are the conjugations for “escribir” including “yo,” “tú,” “él/ella/usted,” “nosotros/nosotras,” and “ellos/ellas/ustedes” across different moods and tenses for a comprehensive view:1. Indicative MoodPresent TenseYo escriboTú escribesÉl/Ella/Usted escribeNosotros/Nosotras escribimosEllos/Ellas/Ustedes escribenPreterite TenseYo escribíTú escribisteÉl/Ella/Usted escribióNosotros/Nosotras escribimosEllos/Ellas/Ustedes escribieronImperfect TenseYo escribíaTú escribíasÉl/Ella/Usted escribíaNosotros/Nosotras escribíamosEllos/Ellas/Ustedes escribíanFuture TenseYo escribiréTú escribirásÉl/Ella/Usted escribiráNosotros/Nosotras escribiremosEllos/Ellas/Ustedes escribirán2. Subjunctive MoodPresent SubjunctiveYo escribaTú escribasÉl/Ella/Usted escribaNosotros/Nosotras escribamosEllos/Ellas/Ustedes escribanImperfect SubjunctiveYo escribiera or escribieseTú escribieras or escribiesesÉl/Ella/Usted escribiera or escribieseNosotros/Nosotras escribiéramos or escribiésemosEllos/Ellas/Ustedes escribieran or escribiesen3. Imperative MoodCommandsTú escribe (informal command)Nosotros escribamos (let’s write)Usted escriba (formal command)Ustedes escriban (formal command for you all)4. Conditional MoodConditional TenseYo escribiríaTú escribiríasÉl/Ella/Usted escribiríaNosotros/Nosotras escribiríamosEllos/Ellas/Ustedes escribiríanProgressive and Perfect Forms:Present ProgressiveYo estoy escribiendoTú estás escribiendoÉl/Ella/Usted está escribiendoNosotros/Nosotras estamos escribiendoEllos/Ellas/Ustedes están escribiendoPresent PerfectYo he escritoTú has escritoÉl/Ella/Usted ha escritoNosotros/Nosotras hemos escritoEllos/Ellas/Ustedes han escritoThis detailed conjugation should help you navigate through different scenarios in Spanish, enhancing both your understanding and ability to communicate effectively across various contexts.
