Non-Medical Drug Use 2

Question 1

Amphetamine general effects

Answer 1

blood pressure up, causing reflex bradycardia. arrhythmias may occur, especially with large dose.

Question 2

amphetamine mechanism

Answer 2

indirect sympathomimetic. releases biogenic amines from nerve terminals both peripherally and in CNS. DA, 5HT, and NE released. dopamine is most important for CNS stimulation. i

Question 3

official therapy uses for amphetamines

Answer 3

narcolepsy and treating ADHD

Question 4

cocaine mechanism

Answer 4

blocking uptake transporters for DA, NE, and 5HT. DA is most important for CNS stimulation. rapidly hydrolyzed by plasma cholinesterase. P450 and hydrolysis play a role

Question 5

cocaine official therapeutic use

Answer 5

topical anesthetic for Upper respiratory tract. combined vasoconstrictor and local anesthetic properties provide anesthesia and shrink mucosa

Question 6

nicotine mechanism

Answer 6

activates nicotinic ACh receptors in the periphery and in the CNS. ganglionic stimulant and depolarizing ganglionic blocker. CNS stimulant.

Question 7

3 hallucinogens

Answer 7

LSD, mescaline, psilocybin

Question 8

Schedule I hallucinogens

Answer 8

drug has a high potential for abuse and has no accepted medical use in the US. illegal to possess. mescaline, peyote, psilocybin, LSD, marijuana, amphetamines

Question 9

Schedule II hallucinogens

Answer 9

may have a high abuse potential, but do have accepted medical use. morphine, cocaine, hydrocodone, amphetamine, methylphenidate

Question 10

other things that can induce hallucinations

Answer 10

poisons (toxic doses of most pharm active substances), deliriants (anticholinergics)

Question 11

common effects of hallucinogens in humans

Answer 11

mydriasis, elevated heart and BP, hyperreflexia, tachypnea, increased muscle tone. hallucinations. magical/religious thinking that comes from the perceptual disturbances.

Question 12

indole alkyl amine derivatives

Answer 12

psilocybin. LSD.

Question 13

phenylethylamine derivatives

Answer 13

mescaline, MDMA.

Question 14

LSD

Answer 14

model hallucinogen. semi-synthetic from Ergot fungus alkaloids. altered perceptions, magical thinking, loss of ego boundaries, ecstacy to panic mood, heightened senses, mild sympathomimetic effects. 1-12 hour trip. oxidized by hepatic microsomal enzymes to inactive 2-oxy-LSD, excreted in poops. cross tolerance with mescaline and psilocybin suggesting similar sites of action

Question 15

possible mechanism of action for LSD and hallucinogens in general

Answer 15

brain stem raphe nuclei: fire tonically, inhibitory to postsynaptic neurons, serotonergic, innervate several brain areas involved in integrating sensory and emotional output. LSD inhibits firing of raphe nuclei as agonist at 5HT2A receptors. releases neurons from tonic inhibition

Question 16

toxicity of LSD

Answer 16

bad trips: anxiety, panic attacks. talk them down is the treatment. no human overdose death ever recorded.flashbacks. chronic psychoses. chromosome damage and teratogenicity, but no good evidence

Question 17

therapeutic potential of LSD

Answer 17

limited studies, but promising in psychoanalysis, alcoholism, autistic children, terminal cancer.

Question 18

THC

Answer 18

highly lipid soluble. much lipid storage. Metabolized by P450. hits cannabinoid receptors, located in brain, adipose tissue, cardiovascular tissue, etc. CB1 and CB2 are G protein coupled receptors

Question 19

CB1 and CB2

Answer 19

receptors and their natural ligands, arachidonic acid derivatives such as anandamide, comprise endocannabinoid system. key role in central and periph regulation of energy balance, lipid and glucose metabolism.

Question 20

therapeutic potential of THC

Answer 20

antiemetic, anti nausea, appetite stimulant. analgesic. lower intraocular pressure. bronchodilator. neuro problems. migraine treatment.

Question 21

dronabinol

Answer 21

capsules containing synthetic THC. available for anti-emetic, anti-nausea, appetite stimulant

Question 22

phencyclidine

Answer 22

PCP. dissociation, confusion, ataxia, often violent behavior to coma to seizures to arrest. long half life, highly lipid soluble with active metabolites. isolation and diazepam treat bad trips