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Phys ENT/GI > Nose and Throat > Flashcards

Nose and Throat Flashcards

1
Q

The nasal vestibule is made up of ____ epithelium and ___

A

stratified squamous; vibrissae

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2
Q

The nasal cavity has what 2 layers

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells and lamina propria

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3
Q

The nasal cavity has olfactory mucosa within the ____

A

superior nasal cavity

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4
Q

The lamina propria contains what 3 things?

A

mucus glands, MALT, large blood vessels

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5
Q

What are the 3 functions of the nasal conchae?

A

increase surface area for heating/cooling and moisturizing air; cause turbulent air flow; erectile tissue to block off 1 side every 30-60 minutes

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6
Q

What are the nasal meatuses?

A

The spaces below the conchae?

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7
Q

_____ are air-filled extensions of the nasal cavity within the skull bones; they are lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with ____

A

paranasal sinuses; goblet cells

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8
Q

The ____ is continuous with the nasal cavity and oropharynx

A

nasopharynx

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9
Q

_____ are lymphatic tissue with immune cells deep to mucous membrane

A

pharyngeal tonsil/adenoid

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10
Q

the ____ connect middle ear to nasopharynx to equalize pressure across the tympanic membrane

A

pharyngotympanic tubes (eustachian)

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11
Q

the ____ is continuous with the oral cavity, nasopharynx, and laryngopharynx

A

oropharynx

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12
Q

the ____ is continuous with the oropharynx, larynx (air), and esophagus (food)

A

laryngopharynx

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13
Q

the ___ covers the opening of the larynx during swallowing as substances pass through the laryngopharynx to enter the esophagus

A

epiglottis

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14
Q

During normal respiration, the vocal folds have the ____

A

laryngeal muscles are relaxed

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15
Q

During forced respiration, the vocal folds are ____

A

abducted

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16
Q

During swallowing, the vocal folds are ____

A

adducted

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17
Q

During phonation, the vocal ligaments are ____

A

partially adducted

18
Q

During whispering, the vocal ligaments are ____

A

adducted

19
Q

The ______ constricts the trachea when coughing to increase the speed of the air moving up through the trachea

A

trachealis muscle

20
Q

the mucosa of the trachea is epithelium with ____ and ____

A

goblet cells and lamina propria

21
Q

the submucosa is ____ with submucosal glands

A

dense irregular collagenous CT

22
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation of salivary glands results in what kind of saliva? and innervated by what nerves?

A

more abundant thin saliva; facial and glossopharyngeal

23
Q

Sympathetic stimulation of salivary glands results in what kind of saliva? and what nerves?

A

less abundant thick saliva with more mucus; nerves following carotid arteries

24
Q

The salivary nuclei in medulla oblongata and pons is stimulated by the _____ or ____

A

salivary reflex or input from higher brain centers

25
Q

Saliva consists of what two main things?

A

mucus and serous cells

26
Q

Serous cells filter ___ and secrete ____ and ____

A

blood; water and electrolytes

27
Q

Serous cells secrete ____, ____, and ___

A

salivary amylase, lingual lipase, and lysozyme

28
Q

The intrinsic salivary glands are within the epithelium of the oral cavity in the ___, _____, ____

A

tongue, inside of lips, inside of cheeks

29
Q

The intrinsic salivary gands secrete water with ____ and ____

A

lingual lipase and lysozymes

30
Q

Saliva and mucus also contains ____ that inhibit bacterial growth

A

IgA antibodies

31
Q

IgA works with ____ to hydrolyze bacterial cell walls

A

lysozymes

32
Q

What produces polymeric IgA?

A

plasma cells

33
Q

What express immunoglobulin receptors for IgA?

A

mucosal epithelial cells

34
Q

IgA is transported across ____ and secreted

A

mucosal epithelial

35
Q

____ is a reflex initiated by mechanoreceptors in the walls of the pharynx

A

deglutition

36
Q

Deglutition sends afferent impulses through the ____ to the swallowing center in the medulla oblongata

A

vagus

37
Q

____ responses of deglutition travel to the muscles in the tongue, soft palate, pharynx and esophagus, hyoid muscles, and laryngeal muscles

A

efferent

38
Q

Respiratory muscles are _____ to deglutition

A

inhibitory

39
Q

Deglutition has 3 phases….

A

oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal

40
Q

In the oral phase of deglutition it is ___ action controlled by ____ muscle

A

voluntary; skeletal

41
Q

In the pharyngeal phase of deglutition it is ____ action controlled by ____ muscle

A

involuntary; skeletal

42
Q

In the esophageal phase of deglutition it is ___ action controlled by ___ muscle

A

involuntary; skeletal and smooth muscle

Phys ENT/GI (4 decks)

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