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Module Two > Nose + Pharynx > Flashcards

Nose + Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

What are the openings that connect the nasal cavity with the nasopharynx called?

A

Choanae

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2
Q

Name the three bones that divide the nasal cavity

A

Superior, medial and inferior concha

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3
Q

How many channels are there in the nasal cavity?

A

4

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4
Q

What artery travels through the sphenopalatine for foramen, and which artery does this originate from?

A

Sphenopalatine artery, from the maxillary artery, from the external carotid

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5
Q

What bones make up the hard palate?

A

Palatine and maxillary

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6
Q

What nerves supply the general sensation of the nose?

A

Trigeminal (V) (Ophthalmic and maxillary branches)

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7
Q

Where does the maxillary nerve originate from?

A

Trigeminal (V)

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8
Q

What anchors the falx cerebri to the skull?

A

Crista galli

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9
Q

The cribiform plate is the superior part of what bone?

A

Ethmoid

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10
Q

What lies on the lateral aspect of the ethmoid bone?

A

Orbit

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11
Q

What is the vomer?

A

Bone that separate the two nasal cavities

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12
Q

The greater palatine artery and nasopalatine nerve travel through which canal?

A

Incisive

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13
Q

The anterior and posterior ethmoidal artery originate from which artery, which in turn originates from which artery?

A

Ophthalmic artery from internal carotid

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14
Q

Maxillary and facial arteries originate from which artery?

A

External carotid

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15
Q

What vertebral level does the oesophagus begin?

A

C6

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16
Q

During nose breathing, what happens to the soft palate?

A

Depression

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17
Q

What happens to the soft palate during swallowing?

A

Lifts up to close off the nasopharynx

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18
Q

Name the three constrictor muscles of the pharynx

A

Superior, middle and inferior constrictor

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19
Q

What are the longitudinal elevator muscles of the pharynx called?

A

Salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus and stylopharyngeus

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20
Q

What two nerves mainly supply the pharynx?

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX) and Vagus (X)

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21
Q

Where are the adenoids?

A

Superior portion of the nasopharynx, posterior to the chonae

22
Q

Where do the frontal, ethmoidal and maxillary sinuses drain?

A

Hiatus semilunaris in the middle meatus

23
Q

Where does the sphenoidal sinus drain?

A

Spheno-ethmoidal recess (superior meatus)

24
Q

How many ethmoidal sinuses are there?

A

Three

25
Q

What is significant about the drainage points for the frontal and maxillary sinuses?

A

Maxillary sinus drains into the hiatus semilunaris below the frontal. This can cause the spread of infection if fluid from the frontal sinus enters the maxillary sinus.

26
Q

Where is the nasolacrimal duct and what does is drain?

A

Inferior meatus, drains fluid from the lacrimal sac of the eye.

27
Q

What gland sits superior-posterior to the sphenoid sinus?

A

Pituitary

28
Q

What lines the nasal concha?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

29
Q

What nerve supplies the frontal sinuses?

A

Ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (V)

30
Q

What nerve supplies the maxillary sinuses?

A

Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (V)

31
Q

What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve (V)?

A

Ophthalmic, mandibular and maxillary

32
Q

What is anosmia?

A

Loss of sense of smell

33
Q

What causes a headache in sinusitis?

A

Compression/irritation of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve

34
Q

Where might you feel referred pain in maxillary sinusitis and why?

A

Toothache due to compression/irritation of the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve

35
Q

What two muscles are attached to the soft palate?

A

Tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini

36
Q

What nerve supplies the three constrictor muscle of the pharynx and, therefore, the majority of motor innervation?

A

Vagus (X)

37
Q

Where is the stylopharyngeus and what nerve supplies it?

A

Most anterior-inferior longitudinal muscle of the pharynx, glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

38
Q

Describe the boundaries of the nasopharynx

A

Choanae anteriorly, adenoids superiorly, soft palate (or pharyngeal isthmus) inferiorly

39
Q

What directs solids and liquids into the oesophegus?

A

Piriform fossae

40
Q

Where do the lingual tonsils lie?

A

Posterior aspect of the tongue

41
Q

What cranial nerve supplies sensory innervation to the oropharynx?

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

42
Q

What supplies sensory innervation to the nasopharynx?

A

Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (V)

43
Q

What supplies sensory innervation to the laryngopharynx?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve, a branch of the Vagus (X)

44
Q

Tumours in the laryngopharynx can produce pain where and why?

A

The anterior aspect of the external ear, because the vagus nerve has an auricular branch here that supplies sensory innervation, they both synapse at the same place in the medulla which can cause confusion as to where the signal is coming from.

45
Q

What cranial nerves are involved in dysphagia in stroke patients?

A

Glossopharyngeal sensory innervation and vagus nerve motor innervation.

46
Q

What type of epithelium is the roof of the nasal cavities lined with?

A

Olfactory epithelium

47
Q

What type of epithelium are the concha lined with?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

48
Q

What type of cartilage is the septum made from?

A

Hyaline cartilage

49
Q

In what type of cells is mucus produced?

A

Goblet cells

50
Q

What are the only two structures of the upper airway that aren’t lined with PSCC epithelium?

A

Epiglottis and vocal cords. Non keratinizing stratified squamous

Module Two (9 decks)

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