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psychology unit three > notes 11/08 > Flashcards

notes 11/08 Flashcards

1
Q

type of development that focuses on the growth and changes in the body, brain, senses, motor skills, health, and wellness

A

physical development

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2
Q

type of development that focuses on learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning and creativity

A

cognitive development

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3
Q

type of development that focuses on emotions, personality, and social relationships

A

psychosocial development

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4
Q

an approach to developmental psychology where one studies large numbers of children to determine patterns of when most children reach specific developmental milestones
- are they ahead, on target, or behind?

A

the normative approach

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5
Q

a “milestone” in the normative approach is called…

A

a norm

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6
Q

biological milestones are…

A

universal

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7
Q

social milestones…

A

vary across cultures

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8
Q

changes in development occur step by step, where a transition is not noticeable, changes are quantitative

A

continuous

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9
Q

changes in development occur in abrupt stages, each stage is easily discernible, changes are more qualitative in nature

A

discontinuous

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10
Q

a change theorist who believes that social development is discontinuous. He argues that personality development takes place across the lifespan, not just in childhood. social interactions affect our sense of self (ego identity)
- coined the identity crisis! thanks my guy!

A

erik erikson

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11
Q

the eight stages of development were created by…

A

our buddy erik!

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12
Q

(from 0-1) first stage of development

A

trust vs. mistrust

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13
Q

(from 1-3) second stage of development

A

autonomy vs. shame/doubt

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14
Q

(from 3-6) third stage of development

A

initiative vs. guilt

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15
Q

(from 7-11) fourth stage of development

A

industry vs. inferiority

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16
Q

(from 12-18) fifth stage of development

A

identity vs. confusion

17
Q

(from 19-29) sixth stage of development

A

intimacy vs. isolation

18
Q

(from 30-64) seventh stage of development

A

generativity vs. stagnation

19
Q

(65 and up) eighth stage of development

A

integrity vs. despair

20
Q

the question of how much a person’s characteristics are formed by either genetics or upbringing

A

nature vs. nurture

21
Q

belief that heredity and biological factors play the largest role in the process of development

A

“nature” theory (genetics)

22
Q

belief that the role of the environment is emphasized; environmental influences as explaining the process of development

A

“nurture” theory (upbringing)

23
Q

a researcher who studied triplets, (intellectual abilities, personalities, social lives)
- was a woman of color (published dissertation in 1945)
- triplets were less developed than most other children their age (nurture)

A

ruth w. howard

24
Q

twins separated at birth (the jim twins), met up and did interviews; had an absurd amount of things in common

A

70% of variance in IQ is associated with genetics

25
Q

rats

A
26
Q

any environmental agent that causes damage to the developing embryo or fetus

A

teratogen

27
Q

examples of teratogens

A
  • smoking: results in premature birth, low birth weight, stillbirths, sudden infant death syndrome
  • drugs: heroine, cocaine methamphetamine as well as prescription drugs - various birth defects, ex: rubella causes deafness
  • drinking: fetal alcohol syndrome
28
Q

nurture of infants study done by rice in 1975 found that…

A
  • babies who are nurtured and given physical touch/affection had better eating habits, sleeping habits, were bigger, and higher weight
  • babies who didn’t had a rapid disappearance of reflexes
29
Q

name some newborn reflexes that are instinctive

A

rooting reflex, sucking reflex, grasping reflex, moro reflex (arms out thing)

psychology unit three (2 decks)

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