Nucleic Acid and Proteins

Question 1

How many bonds and rings does Guanine have?

Answer 1

3 Hydrogen bonds 
2 Rings (Purines)

Question 2

How many bonds and rings does Cytosine have?

Answer 2

3 hydrogen bonds
1 ring (Pyrimidines)

Question 3

How many bonds and rings does Adenine have?

Answer 3

2 hydrogen bonds
2 rings (purines)

Question 4

How many bonds and rings does Thymine have?

Answer 4

2 hydrogen bonds
1 ring (pyrimidines)

Question 5

How many bonds and rings does Uracil have?

Answer 5

2 hydrogen bonds
1 ring (pyrimidines)

Question 6

Which complementary base pairs are stronger?

Answer 6

C-G bonds are stronger because there are more hydrogen bonds between them. This makes them more heat stable (more heat is required to break them apart).

Question 7

mRNA (messengeRNA)

Answer 7

Carries a copy (transcription) of a genetic instruction for making protein from the nucleus to the ribosomes, where they are then translated

Question 8

tRNA (transferRNA)

Answer 8

During the process of translation, carries amino acids to the ribosomes where they can be incorporated into a polypeptide chain (protein).

Question 9

Protein Structure (only the stages)

Answer 9

1. Primary Structure
2. Secondary Structure
3. Tertiary Structure
4. Quaternary Structure

Question 10

Primary Structure (protein)

Answer 10

the sequence of amino acids found in the protein

Question 11

Secondary Structure (protein)

Answer 11

the pattern of folding that exists in an amino acid

• alpha helix
• beta pleated sheets
• random coiling

Question 12

Tertiary Structure (protein)

Answer 12

3D shape of the entire protein. May consist of various secondary structre, which combine to make a unique and complex shape that is crucial for the proteins structure.

Question 13

Quaternary Structure (protein)

Answer 13

two or more polypeptide chains interacting

Question 14

What are proteins

Answer 14

Proteins are large, complex organic compounds containing oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sometimes sulphur.

Question 15

Amino Acids

Answer 15

Proteins are polymers made up of amino acid monomers. An amino acid is made up of 3 components : an amino group, carboxyl group and ‘R’ group.

In all 20 amino acids, the amino group and carboxyl group remain the same, the R group changes

Question 16

What is condensation polymerisation

Answer 16

Condensation Polymerisation occurs when a peptide bond forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of the other amino acid. In doing so, a water molecule is released as the first amino acid loses its OH (hydroxyl group) and the amino group of the second amino acid loses its hydrogen