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biological molecules > Nucleic Acids And ATP > Flashcards

Nucleic Acids And ATP Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure of a nucleotide

A

Phosphate group, Pentose sugar, nitrogen containing base

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2
Q

Function of DNA

A

Used to store genetic information

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3
Q

What is DNA Pentose sugar

A

Deoxyribose

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4
Q

What is the function of RNA

A

Transfer genetic info from DNA to ribosomes

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5
Q

How are polynucleotides formed

A

Condensation reaction between nucleotides

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6
Q

When nucleotides join together what type of bond does it form

A

Phosphodiester bond

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7
Q

In a polynucleotide what are the chain of sugars known as

A

Sugar phosphate backbone

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8
Q

Compare the structure of DNA and RNA

A

DNA- double helix- 2 polynucleotide strands
Pentose sugar= deoxyribose
Nitrogen contains base= thymine
Longer

RNA- single helix
Nitrogen containing base is uracil
Pentose sugar= ribose
Shorter

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9
Q

What are the complementary base pairs of DNA

A

2 hydrogen Bonds with adenine and thymine
3 hydrogen bonds between guanine and cytosine

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10
Q

What are the complementary base pairs of RNA

A

2 hydrogen bonds between adenine and uracil
3 hydrogen bonds between guanine and cytosine

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11
Q

How does the structure of DNA relate to its function

A

Sugar phosphate backbone and many hydrogen bonds provide stability
Helix is compact for storage in nucleus
Long molecule stores lots of info
Weak bonds so strands separate for semi conservative replication

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12
Q

How does the structure of RNA relate to its function

A
  • breaks down easily so no polypeptide forms
    -can be translated into a specific polypeptides by ribosomes
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13
Q

What is semi conservative replication

A

Ensures genetic continuity between generations of cells

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14
Q

Why is semi conservative replication described as semi conservative

A

-strands from DNA acts as a template
-new DNA molecule contains one old and one new strand

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15
Q

What is the semi conservative process breifly review

A

-DNA helicase breaks hydrogen bonds in base pairs in polynucleotide strands
-this makes helix unwind
- each strand acts as a template
-attraction of new DNA nucleotides to exposed bases on template strands and base paring
-DNA polymerase in the condensation reaction joins adjacent nucleotides

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16
Q

What is a phosphodiester bond

A

2 ester bonds in a polynucleotide

17
Q

Which scientist validated Watson and Crick of the structure of DNA and the theory of semi conservative replication

A

Meleson and stahl

18
Q

What did meleson and stahl do to confirm that dna strands would separate to produce new helix

A

They grew a E-coli bacteria with radioactive labelled nitrogen to confirm semi conservative replication

19
Q

What is the nucleotide ATP deprived from

A

A molecule of ribose, adenine and 3 phosphate groups

20
Q

What is ATP known as

A

Adenosine triphosphate

21
Q

what is the role of ATP hydrolayse

A

catylyses ATP to ADP [adenosine phosphate] and Pi [inorganic phosphate group]

22
Q

why is ATP hydrolysis useful {the hydrolysis of ATP]

A

the hydrolyses of ATP can be coupled to energy requiring reactions within cells
-Pi is used to phosphorylate other compounds often making them more reactive

23
Q

what is the role of ATP synthase

A

ATP is resynthesized by the condensation of ADP and Pi.`

24
Q

what are 2 similarities of RNA and DNA

A

Both important information carrying molecules
both are polymers of nucleotides

25
Q

how is the sugar phosphate backbone made in a polynucleotide

A

series of condensation reactions between the deoxyribose sugar and the phosphate group making a polynucleotide and a phosphodiester bond

26
Q

the DNA polymer occurs in pairs and is joined by what

A

hydrogen bonds between bases leading to the double helix

27
Q

what is the first step of semi conservative replication

A

DNA helicase breaks hydrogen bonds in base pairs in polynucleotide strands
-this makes helix unwind

28
Q

what is the 2nd step of semi conservative replication

A

each strand acts as a template
-there is an attraction of new DNA nucleotides to exposed bases on the template strands and base paring

29
Q

what is the last step of semi conservative replication

A

DNA polymerase in the condensation reaction that joins adjacent nucleotides.

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