Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Question 1

Define: nucleotide

Answer 1

a monomer unit of nucleic acids (such as DNA and RNA), held together by covalent bonds.

Question 2

What are the 3 subunits within a nucleotide?

Answer 2

Phosphate group
Pentose sugar
Nitrogenous base (5, 2 of which are DNA and RNA)

Question 3

Define: nucleic acid

Answer 3

polymers of nucleotides, connected by a sugar phosphate backbone

Question 4

Define: sugar-phosphate backbone

Answer 4

Covalent bonds between sugar and phosphate subunits

Question 5

Define: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Answer 5

Contains inheritable material

Question 6

Where is DNA found?

Answer 6

In the nucleus, and sometimes the mitochondria and chloroplasts
Prokaryotes - found as a singular circular chromosome

Question 7

What type of sugar group and bases are in DNA?

Answer 7

Deoxyribose sugar

A, G, C, T

Question 8

Describe the structure of DNA

Answer 8

Double helix shape
Held together by sugar-phosphate backbone
Hygrogen bonds between complementary base pairings: AT and GC

Question 9

Where is RNA found?

Answer 9

In the nucleus or cytoplams

Question 10

What are the 3 types of RNA?

Answer 10

mRNA (messenger)
rRNA (ribosomal)
tRNA (transfer)

Question 11

Define: RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Answer 11

Enables protein synthesis

Question 12

What sugar group and bases are in RNA?

Answer 12

Ribose sugar

A, G, C, U

Question 13

When DNA is copied into RNA, what are the complementary base pairings?

Answer 13

AU and GC