NURS 317 Unit 7 Path Chapter 52 Flashcards
A 16-year-old male is concerned about the acne that has developed on his face and asks the nurse what caused it to develop. The best response would be:
A) “If you keep your hands off your face when sitting, it will completely clear.”
B) “Your acne has developed because of increased hormone levels in your body.”
C) “You are not scrubbing your face hard enough to prevent the acne from occurring.”
D) “You have acne because you eat a lot of fatty, oily foods.”
B) “Your acne has developed because of increased hormone levels in your body.”
Rationale:Acne typically occurs in the teen years related to increased androgen hormones, which increase the activity of the sebaceous cells. Food has not been found to cause acne as once thought. Scrubbing the face may actually increase the acne.
Which statements are true concerning cellulitis? Select all that apply.
A) Cellulitis is complicated by fungus.
B) Cellulitis is treated with antifungal agents.
C) Cellulitis is caused by a streptococcus or a staphylococcus infection.
D) Cellulitis is a deep infection.
E) Cellulitis is accompanied by fever.
C) Cellulitis is caused by a streptococcus or a staphylococcus infection.
D) Cellulitis is a deep infection.
E) Cellulitis is accompanied by fever.
Rationale:Cellulitis is a deeper infection caused by streptococcus and staphylococcus infection. It is not a fungal infection or typically complicated by fungus. It is often accompanied by fever, erythema, heat, and pain.
A 4-year-old male child has several small pustules with honey-colored crusted drainage on his face but in no other location. The child is diagnosed with impetigo. The most appropriate treatment would be:
A) Oral antibiotics
B) Because it is only located on the face, it does not need to be treated.
C) Topical mupirocin and limiting exposure, as it is transmitted easily
D) Oral antifungal, such as griseofulvin
C) Topical mupirocin and limiting exposure, as it is transmitted easily
Rationale:The condition should be treated with topical mupirocin with limited exposure due to risk of transmission with direct contact. Oral antibiotics would not be the first-line treatment as it is isolated in one area. Antifungals would not be effective for a bacterial infection. Due to the risk of further transmission to self and others, impetigo is treated with either topical or systemic antibiotics (decision based on location of impetigo).
A 20-year-old female tells the nurse she is concerned about getting a good suntan before going on a vacation. The best response by the nurse would be:
A) Use tanning pills with canthaxanthin, which is found in carrots, to help tan.
B) Use natural sunlight without sunscreen to acquire a tan.
C) Attend a tanning salon several times per week to tan evenly prior to travel.
D) Use a self-tanning product that produces the appearance of a tan without sun exposure.
D) Use a self-tanning product that produces the appearance of a tan without sun exposure.
Rationale:The use of self-tanning products that do not require sun exposure is the safest way to add tan-like color to skin. Tanning in a salon promotes UV damage. The use of tanning pills is not recommended because of their association with liver damage. Natural sunlight exposure promotes UV damage.
What would be the best response to the mother of two teens who have been diagnosed with scabies?
A) “Scabies usually occurs when hygiene practices need improvement.”
B) “One of the parents is likely an unaffected carrier.”
C) “One of your children probably had direct contact with an infected person.”
D) “Scabies occurs with increased sexual activity.”
C) “One of your children probably had direct contact with an infected person.”
Rationale:Scabies is spread through direct person-to-person contact; the teens could have contacted with someone who has scabies. Scabies does not occur only with sexual contact. This condition does not involve unaffected carriers. Poor hygiene is not the trigger for this condition.
Which term is used to denote the pigmentation disorder in which the skin suddenly develops white patches on the face and arms?
A) Melasma
B) Paleness
C) Vitiligo
D) Albinism
C) Vitiligo
Rationale:The condition described above that comes on suddenly is vitiligo. Albinism is present from birth, and melasma involves dark spots on the skin. Paleness is a term used to denote minimal skin color.
Which characteristics of a cherry angioma should be considered suspicious?
A) observed on the trunk
B) Sudden collection of several papules
C) Appearance before age 40
D) Purple color
B) Sudden collection of several papules
Rationale:Cherry angiomas are smooth, cherry red or purple, dome-shaped papules that occur in nearly all people older than 30 years of age. They usually are found on the trunk and are generally benign unless there is a sudden appearance of many cherry angiomas.
A client presents with an exacerbation of psoriasis. The most important question for the nurse to ask the client would be:
A) “Have you been eating large amounts of oily foods?”
B) “Have you been under an excessive amount of stress at home or at work?”
C) “Have you traveled to a foreign country in the last 14 days?”
D) “Have you recently been sexually active?”
B) “Have you been under an excessive amount of stress at home or at work?”
Rationale:Environmental stimuli may trigger the release of cytokines and growth factors from keratinocytes and other cells, with ensuing immune and inflammatory responses that lead to the full development of psoriatic lesions. Psoriatic lesions can be induced in susceptible individuals by trauma, a process known as the Köbner phenomenon. Precipitating factors for an exacerbation of psoriasis include increased stress, infection, trauma, and the use of certain medications. Types of food ingested, sexual activity, and travel to foreign countries have not been linked to psoriasis.
A client has a burn that involves the entire epidermis and various degrees of the dermis. It is painful, moist, and blistered. The nurse recognizes the burn as:
A) Third-degree full thickness
B) Second-degree full thickness
C) First-degree partial thickness
D) Second-degree partial thickness
D) Second-degree partial thickness
Rationale:Second-degree partial-thickness burns involve the epidermis and parts of the dermis. First-degree partial-thickness burns involve only the outer layers of the epidermis. Third-degree full-thickness burns extend into the subcutaneous tissue and may involve bone and muscle. Second-degree full-thickness burns involve the entire epidermis and dermis.
A client is admitted to the hospital with first- and second-degree burns. Which assessment findings are associated with first-degree burns? Select all that apply.
A) Red or pink
B) Wet
C) Full-thickness burn
D) Painful
A) Red or pink
D) Painful
Rationale:First-degree burns (superficial partial thickness burns) involve only the outer layers of the epidermis. They are red or pink, dry, and painful.
Which childhood diseases that present with a rash can be protected against via vaccines? Select all that apply.
A) Rubeola
B) Roseloa infantum
C) Rubella
D) Scarlet fever
E) Varicella
A) Rubeola
C) Rubella
E) Varicella
Rationale:Vaccines are only available to protect against rubella, rubeola, and varicella.
A client with rosacea should be educated that in addition to the “blush appearance” on the face, she should also assess for which additional complications? Select all that apply.
A) Edema of the eyelids
B) Large abscesses on the upper arms and neck
C) Inflamed and tender axillary lymph nodes
D) Eye problems
A) Edema of the eyelids
D) Eye problems
Rationale:Rosacea is a chronic skin disorder of middle-aged and older persons. The blush eventually becomes a permanent, dark-red erythema on the nose and cheeks that sometimes extends to the forehead and chin. Ocular problems occur in at least 50% of persons with rosacea. Prominent symptoms include eyes that are itchy, burning, or dry; a gritty or foreign body sensation; and erythema and swelling of the eyelid. Acne conglobata occurs later in life as a severe, chronic form of acne. Comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, abscesses, cysts, and scars occur on the back, buttocks, and chest. Lesions occur to a lesser extent on the abdomen, shoulders, neck, face, upper arms, and thighs. The comedones or cysts have multiple openings, large abscesses, and interconnecting sinuses.
Which statements regarding hemangiomas of infancy are true? Select all that apply.
A) Hemagniomas are red in color
B) They are generally benign
C) They are small lesions
D) They generally appear at the time of birth
E) Boys are more likely to present with hemangiomas
A) Hemagniomas are red in color
B) They are generally benign
C) They are small lesions
Rationale:Hemangiomas of infancy are small, red lesions that are noticed shortly after birth. Hemangiomas of infancy are generally benign vascular tumors. A small proportion of these lesions are present at birth, and the remainder develop within a few weeks after birth. Girls are three times more likely to have hemangiomas than boys.
Which factor is most protective against squamous cell carcinomas?
A) Male gender
B) Lack of family history
C) Dark skin color
D) Under 50 years of age
C) Dark skin color
Rationale:Dark-skinned people are rarely affected. Males are twice as likely as females to have squamous cell carcinoma. Age and history are not protective, as the increase in the incidence of squamous cell carcinomas is consistent with increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
Which statements regarding skin tags are true? Select all that apply.
A) They can be as large as a pea.
B) They are considered precancerous.
C) They are common among adults.
D) They can be removed by electrodesiccation.
E) They vary in color.
A) They can be as large as a pea.
C) They are common among adults.
D) They can be removed by electrodesiccation.
E) They vary in color.
Rationale:Skin tags are soft, brown or flesh-colored papules commonly seen in 25% of adults. They occur on any skin surface but most frequently the neck, axilla, and intertriginous areas. They range in size from a pinhead to the size of a pea. Skin tags have the normal texture of the skin. They are benign and can be removed with scissors or electrodesiccation for cosmetic purposes.
