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nutrition > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

0
Q

Define nutrition

A

The study of the process where feed nutrients are presented to and utilized by living cells for productive processes- maintenance, lactation, and growth.

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1
Q

A nutrient is…

A

Any chemical (element or compound) in the diet that supports normal reproduction, growth, lactation, or maintenance of life processes.

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2
Q

What is an Essential Nutrient

A
  • Can not be made by the body.
  • Not synthesized I’m great enough quantities to support life processes.
  • needed in diet
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3
Q

What is Non-essential nutrient?

A
  • can be made in body

- not needed in diet

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4
Q

Name 6 Essential Nutrients

A 
Water
Carbohydrates
Fat
Proteins 
Minerals 
Vitamins
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5
Q

Monosaccharide carbohydrate

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

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6
Q

Disaccharide carbohydrate

A

Lactose, sucrose, maltose

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7
Q

Polysaccharide carbohydrate

A

Startch-amylose,amylopectin
Cellulose
Hemicellulose
Lignin

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8
Q

Fat or lipid / Essential Fatty Acids

A

Linoleic acid -18c
Linolenic acid - 18c
Arachidonic acid - 20c

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9
Q

10 Essential Amino Acids

A

Phenylalanine. Tryptophan. Histidine
Valine. Isoleucine. Arginine
Threonine. Methionine. Leucine
Lysine

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10
Q

Two classes of minerals

A

Macro and micro

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11
Q

Name macro-minerals

A 
Calcium
Sodium
Phosphorus 
Chloride
Potassium 
Magnesium 
Suffer
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12
Q

Name micro-nutrients

A

Copper. Zinc. Iron
Iodine. Manganese. Selenium
Cobalt. Molybdenum.

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13
Q

Name two classes or vitamins

A

Fat soluble and water soluble

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14
Q

Name the fat soluble vitamins

A

A. D. E. K.

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15
Q

Name the water soluble vitamins

A

Biotin Pantothenic acid. B6
Choline. Riboflavin. B12
Folic acid. Thiamin. C
Niacin

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16
Q

Most common nutrient on earth and needed in the largest quantities of all nutrients

A

Water

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17
Q

Properties of water

A 
Liquid over broad range of temps
High specific heat
High latent heat of vaporization 
High surface tension
32 deg freeze. (0 deg C)
212 degree boil. (100 deg C)
Good solvent / polar solvent
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18
Q

Functions of water

A 
Transport medium
Temperature regulator
Lubricant
Cell turgidity and shape
Hydrolysis
19
Q

Water requirement influenced by….

A

Environment
Diet
Age or production stage (lactating or nursing)

20
Q

Waters role in body heat regulation

A

Water acts as a cooling system similar to a vehicles. Blood being the water, lungs and skin surface being radiator, and heart being the pump.

21
Q

True or false. Water intoxication

A

True

22
Q

Sources of water

A
  • Free liquid (normally ad lib)
  • Feed (moisture content)
  • Metabolic water(produced by oxidation of nutrients, can furnish up to 1/2 of most animals water needs, EXCEPTION- desert or hibernating animals, furnishes all water needs
23
Q

Name the 3 chemical elements that make up carbohydrates

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

24
Q

What percent in diet of herbivores and omnivores does carbohydrates make up

A

80%

25
Q

What is fiber

A

Cellulose
Hemicellulose
Lignin

26
Q

Carbohydrates include…

A

Sugars
Starch
Cellulose
Gums

27
Q

Triose

A

3 carbon atoms

28
Q

Tetrose

A

4 carbon atoms

29
Q

Pentose

A

5 carbon atoms

30
Q

Hexose

A

6 carbon atoms

31
Q

Monosaccharides

A

1 molecule of sugar

32
Q

Disacharides

A

2 molecules linked

33
Q

Oligosaccharides

A

3-10 molecules linked

34
Q

Polysaccharides

A

More than 10 linked

35
Q

Vitamin E

A

fat soluble

36
Q

Cellulose is part of what class of carbohyrates

A

Polysaccharide

37
Q

sodium

A

Essential Macro mineral

38
Q

What nutrient will produce the most metabolic water?

A

Fat

39
Q

This disaccharide is composed of only glucose molecules

A

maltose

40
Q

Cellulose is a polymer of this monosaccharide?

A

beta-d-glucose

41
Q

alpha-D-glucose + alpha-D-glucose

A

Maltose

42
Q

Fructose + alpha-D-glucose

A

Sucrose

43
Q

Which EFA is liquid at room temperature?

A

Unsaturated

44
Q

Which EFA is solid at room temperature?

A

Saturated

45
Q

Galactose + beta-D-glucose

A

Lactose

46
Q

Beta-D-glucose + Beta-D-glucose

A

Cellobiose

nutrition (2 decks)

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