Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LYTES / NUTRITION > NUTRITION > Flashcards

NUTRITION Flashcards

1
Q

the amount of bowel for adult needed to avoid a short gut syndrome

A

100 cm remaining with ileocecal valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

amount of bowel needed if ileocecal valve is not present to avoid short gut syndrome

A

200 cm!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

With the STEP procedure were percent of patients can become independent of TPN

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the STEP procedure

A

alternating enterotomies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bianchi procedure

A

longitudinal enterotomy doubling bowel surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

were percent of patients can become independent of TPN after the Bianchi procedure

A

80% if successful-though, higher risk procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

BMI equation

A

kilograms / meter squared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how do you estimate ideal body weight

A

5 foot male is 100 pounds
then add 6 pounds for every inch over 5 feet
for females, add 5 pounds for every inch over 5 feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

with his basal energy requirement

A

25 kcal per kilogram per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

protein requirements

A

1 g per kilogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

with SMAloss with portions of bowel dye

A

Right colon

One third transverse colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

most common cause of short gut syndrome and adult today

A

Roux-en-Y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

respiratory quotient

A

CO2 / O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

complications with TPN with kids

A

cholestasis->
biliary cirrhosis->
liver failure weight is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

treatment for kids with liver failure due to TPN

A

liver transplant AND

and common small bowel transplant!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What our stress factors to increase nutrition:

A

Minor: 1.1
Major: 1.4
Septic: 1.7
Dying: 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sodium requirements per day

A

1- 2 mEq per kilogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

effect of low phosphorous on other electrolytes

A

potassium sucked into cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

sodium deficit

A

Na def = (140 - serum Na) x TBW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the percent weight loss that would require preoperative enteral or parenteral nutrition

A

15% or greater

21
Q

nitrogen balance

A

(protein / 6.25) - (UUN + 4)

22
Q

normal nitrogen balance

A

about zero or slightly positive

23
Q

alanine

A

used for fuel and muscles broken down converted into glycogen by the liver

24
Q

glutamine

A

the most prevalent
Nonessential
Uses fuel in the small intestine
None stable and hyperalimentation/TPN

25
Q

major mechanism of the renin - aldosterone system

A

SODIUM driven

26
Q

mechanism of ADH system

A

WATER driven

27
Q

hepatic function with infant on TPN

A

40-60% on long-term!
Deficiency in colon
Carnitine, taurine, cysteine, methionine
more lethal and irreversible compared to adults

28
Q

small bowel fuel

A

GLUTAMINE
Other trophic factors:
Growth hormone, fiber

29
Q

Child classification

A

originally designed for predictor survival after portosystemic shunting for bleeding varices
1-3: Hepatic encephalopathy, total serum bilirubin, ascites, albumin, nutritional
Class A.: 5-6
Class B.: 7-9
Class C.: 10-15

30
Q

child Pugh classification

A

modified to account for nutritional status replacement (too subjective)
includes prothrombin time

31
Q

MELD

A

Tagamet likelihood of dying within 3 months of liver disease for transplantation status
Now used to risk stratify cirrhotics undergoing surgery
Total serum bilirubin
INR
Creatinine
Score: 6-40

32
Q

treatment of liquid stool from appendectomy and wound postop day 5

A

most closed spontaneously!
This is cecal fistula From necrosis of the appendix stump
Thecal fistulas or low output spontaneous closure and 75%
Treatment low-residue diet

33
Q

complication risk after Billroth II gastric resection for bleeding ulcer

A

duodenal stump blowout

Acute pancreatitis 2 to enter a duodenal pressure backflow causing enzyme activation and pancreas

34
Q

what is the most immediate threat to a patient with acute renal failure

A

hyperkalemia the most immediately life-threatening

Ultimately can lead to V. tach/fibrillation

35
Q

symptoms of fat emboli syndrome

A 
#1 respiratory distress
#2 altered mental status
#3 petechiae
36
Q

best prevention for fat emboli syndrome

A

fix / immobilization of the fractures of long bones

37
Q

wound dehiscence

A

Sudden drainage of salmon-colored fluid
or minor area after postop day 10 presents may manage his local wound care
Early dehiscence requires emergent surgical intervention

38
Q

Hepatorenal syndrome

A

cause: Relative hypovolemia
Findings: Systemic vasodilation with renal vasoconstriction, azotemia, otorrhea, very low urine sodium (less than 10), high urine osmolarity
Hypovolemia is caused by arterial vasodilatation in the splanchnic vasculature under filling the arteries

39
Q

type I hepatorenal syndrome

A

poor prognosis
Acute liver failure or alcoholic cirrhosis
Rapid deterioration of renal function
Marked increased serum creatinine and BUN
Hyponatremia/hyperkalemia
Treatment: Transplantation

40
Q

type II hepatorenal syndrome

A 
more stable
Findings: 
Decreased glomerular filtration rate is moderate
 increased creatinine moderate
Relatively preserved hepatic function
Treatment: 
Midodrine ( Alpha agonist)
 octreotide
41
Q

Westermark sign

A 
pulmonary embolism
From vasoconstriction distal to the PE
Dilation the pulmonary arteries proximal to the embolus and collapse of vasculature distal crit sharp cut off on chest x-ray
Low sensitivity high specificity
Only seen 2%
42
Q

wind you have to quit smoking for pulmonary protective effect postoperatively

A

2 months before operation

43
Q

most predictive test for developing postoperative pulmonary complication

A

albumin less than 3.5!
BUN is helpful but not as productive (greater than 21)
(Exception preoperative spirometry for lung resection)

44
Q

cardiac index factors to predict postoperative cardiac complication

A 
#1 coronary artery disease
#2 insulin-dependent
 #3History of cerebrovascular event
#4 creatinine greater than 2
#5 history of congestive heart failure
#6 high risk surgery (aorta, thoracic, major abdominal)

Smoking is NOT independent risk factor

45
Q

recommended fatty acid supplement TPN managing intracutaneous fistula

A

LinoeIC acid

46
Q

stress factor for sepsis

A

1.75

47
Q

2 weeks status post bowel resection with significant weight loss in Crohn’s patient on TPNsymptoms of seizure, hemolytic anemia, what is nutritional deficiency

A

phosphorus

48
Q

six-year-old status post sepsis with diverticulitis 4 weeks postop with diarrhea with delayed wound healing because of what nutritional deficiency

A

zinc

LYTES / NUTRITION (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions