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Nutrition > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

other name for vitamin A

A

retinol

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2
Q

other name for vitamin E

A

tocopherol

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3
Q

other name for vitamin K

A

phylloquinone

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4
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

D, E, A, K

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5
Q

other name for vitamin B1

A

thiamine

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6
Q

other name for vitamin B2

A

riboflavin

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7
Q

other name for vitamin B3

A

niacin

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8
Q

other name for vitamin B5

A

pantothenic acid

* think pento(5)thenic acid

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9
Q

other name for vitamin B6

A

pyridoxine (pyrido6ine)

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10
Q

other name for vitamin B9

A

Folate!

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11
Q

other name for vitamin B12

A

cyanocobalamin

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12
Q

vitamin A deficiency (3)

A
  • most common cause blindness in children around the world
  • dry eyes (xerophthalmia)
  • night blindness (nyctalopia)
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13
Q

vitamin A toxicity (1)

A
  • intracranial HTN (pseudotumor)

* think of a teen on isoretinoin (accutane) with sx of a brain tumor

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14
Q

vitamin B9 (Folate) deficiency (2)

A

large tongue & macrocytic anemia

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15
Q

vitamin B9 (Folate) toxicity (1)

A

irritability

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16
Q

vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) deficiency (2)

A
  • macrocytic anemia

- bowel dz leading to pernicious anemia (d/t poor absorption 2/2 decreased IF)

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17
Q

vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency (3)

A
  • scurvy! bleeding gums
  • leg tenderness
  • poor wound healing
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18
Q

vitamin C (ascorbic acid) toxicity

A

needs to be excreted via kidneys

  • oxalate and cysteine nephrocalcinosis
  • can trigger hemolytic crisis in pts with G6PD def
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19
Q

vitamin E (tocopherol) deficiency (4)

A
  • hemolytic anemia in premies
  • neurological effects in older kids- neuropathies
  • peripheral edema
  • thrombocytosis, muscle weakness

TRIPLE E
*EDEMA, ERYTHROCYTE EXPLOSION (hemolytic anemia), ELEVATED PLTS

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20
Q

vitamin E (tocopherol) toxicity (1)

A

liver damage

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21
Q

vitamin K (Phylloquinone) deficiency

A
  • hemorrhagic dz of the newborn
    does not cross the placenta well, and newborn cannot produce it well bc the gut flora hasn’t been established
    also limited vitamin K in breast milk

Vitamin K factors 2, 7, 9, 10
with acute bleeding give FFP (to give clotting factors)

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22
Q

vitamin B12 deficiency

A

macrocytic anemia

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23
Q

beta carotene is a precursor to….

A

vitamin A

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24
Q

other name for vitamin D2

A

ergocalciferol (2 Cs)

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25
Q

other name for vitamin D3

A

cholecalciferol (3 Cs)

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26
Q

other name for 25-OH-vitamin D

A

calcidol (hydroxylated in the Liver)
***measure this because it is the primary storage form
1 liver, 1 number

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27
Q

other name for 1,25 hydroxycalciferol

A 
formed in the kidney
also called calcitriol
***ACTIVE METABOLITE***
increases calcium absorption in the gut and releasing it into the blood from bone
2 kidneys, 2number
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28
Q

vitamin D excess (9)

A
  • hypercalcemia
  • hyperphosphatemia
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • weakness
    • Can look like DKA
  • polyuria, polydypsia, high BUN,
  • nephrolithiasis
  • renal fail
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29
Q

treatment for high vitamin D (3)

A
  • hydration
  • correction of Na and K depletion
  • lasix
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30
Q

caloric requirement calculation

A

100, 50, 20
100 kcal/kg for first 10
50 kcal/kg for next 10
20 kcal/kg for additional

30 kg kid =
= 10(100) + 10(50) + 10(20) = 1700 kcal

31
Q

calorie requirement for infants

A

100-120 kcal/kg/d

so for a 5 kg baby
500 kcal/d
BF is 18 kcal/oz
therefore 27 oz/d =3 oz q3!

32
Q

protein requirement for premie

A

3.5 g/kg/d

33
Q

protein requirement for FT

A

2-2.5 g/kg/d for the first 6 mos

34
Q

what majorly comprises of renal solute load? and was is the result of an increased renal solute load?

A
  • sodium, potassium, chloride, potassium (think of major ICF-K,P and ECF- Na, Cl)
  • increase renal solute causes increased UOP
    • can see this after surgery–> resulting in wt loss
35
Q

name an essential FA

A

linoleic acid

36
Q

amount of iron in iron-fortified formula

A

12 mg/L

*it DOES NOT cause constipation

37
Q

relationship between iron and obesity?

A

babies with iron deficiency anemia are more likely to be obese

38
Q

what is the difference between MPA and milk intolerance

A

MPA is IgE mediated and intolerance is not

39
Q

difference between MPA and lactose intolerance

A

MPA causes rash, vomiting, and irritability

lactose intolerance causes irritability but not rash or vomiting

40
Q

zinc deficiency (3)

A
  • dermatitis and alopecia (acrodermatitis enteropathica)
  • eczematous eruptions around the mouth and perianal
  • growing poorly
  • AR

*story often consists of baby recently weaned from BF as breast milk contains proteins that facilitate zinc absorption

41
Q

what is acrodermatitis enteropathica

A

dermatitis and alopecia
no lichenification
2/2 poor absorption of zinc

42
Q

Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome (5)

A
  • x linked
  • low copper and low ceruloplasmin
  • HIGH TISSUE COPPER
  • have short twisted hairs (pili torti)
43
Q

Wilson’s disease

A
  • jaundiced
  • large liver
  • neurologic deterioration

2/2 deposition of copper in liver and in brain

d/w liver biopsy
low ceruloplasmin

44
Q

what is hind milk?

A

milk at the end of a breast feeding session- higher in calories

45
Q

protein in colostrum vs mature milk

A

more in colostrum

more IgA to protect against infection

46
Q

fat in colotrum vs mature milk

A

more in mature milk

47
Q

lactose in colotrum vs mature milk

A

more in mature milk

48
Q

energy content in colotrum vs mature milk

A

more in mature milk

49
Q

what does infant cows milk do to Ca and P?

A

high in phos
lowers calcium

hypoCOWcelmia

50
Q

Contraindications to breast feeding!

BAD BREAST!

A 
B bad bugs (CMV, HIV, TB)
A antithyroid meds
D stD- HSV lesion on breast
B (more bad bugs... same as above)
R radioactive meds and chemo
E errors of metabolism- galactosemia, PKU, urea cycle defects (in baby)
A abx (like flagyl) antiepileptics (diazepam)
S sulfonamides
T tetracycline
51
Q

protein concentration in human milk

A

0.9 g/dL

52
Q

protein concentration in cows milk

A

3.5 g/dL

53
Q

protein concentration in modified cow formula

A

1.4 g/dL

54
Q

Whey:Casein ratio in human milk

A

70:30

WHEY BETTER
alpha lactalbumin
this type of whey contains larger amounts of lactoferrin, lysozyme, and IgA
also easier to digest and more gastric emptying

55
Q

Whey:Casein ratio in cows milk

A

20:80

betalactalbumin

56
Q

mineral in human milk vs modified cow formula

A

modified cow formula has more calcium, phos and iron

BUT iron absorption is better in BM (thus BM is a better course)

57
Q

fat soluble vitamins in human milk vs modified cow formula

A

higher in modified cow formula…. all breast fed babies need MV for vit D deficiency

58
Q

renal solute load in human milk vs modified cow formula

A

higher in modified cow formula

59
Q

pound to kg

A

divide by 2.2

60
Q

weight gain goal for premie

A

15-20 g/d

61
Q

reason to not give solids before 4 mos

A
  • increased risk GI infecion

- low amylase- harder to digest

62
Q

definition of overweight and obese

A

overweight BMI 85-95%

obese BMI >95%

63
Q

vegans are at risk for developing this…

A

B12 deficiency

64
Q

children who only take goats milk are at risk for developing this…

A

folate deficiency

65
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

protein deficiency
pot belly kids

can also have pitting edema, rash, thin/frail hair, pallor, thin appearance

66
Q

Marasmus

A

general nutritional deficiency
muscle wasting without edema
normal hair

67
Q

the most common complication of NG feeding is…

A 
diarrhea
#2 is reflux!

most severe is vomiting w/ aspiration

68
Q

when to do bolus vs continuous feeds via NG

A

continuous feeds preferred with- GE reflux, Crohns (help with remission), malabsorption, CHD (d/t increased demand, delayed emptying, early satiety)

bolus is better for kids with oral motor dysfunction

69
Q

when to use more concentrate formulas (2)

A

when you have fluid overload and need to restrict

  • portal HTN and ascites
  • CHD
70
Q

nutrition for kids with renal disease (3)

A
  • these kids tend to be malnourished
  • 70% of calories come from carbs
  • lipids less than 20%
  • give low phos
71
Q

nutrition in kids with burn (4)

A
  • optimize nutrition to reduce resting energy expenditure
  • minimize protein catab and wt loss
  • give high carb diet
  • increase Ca and Mg
72
Q

how do you diagnose metabolic syndrome

A

at least 3 of the 6
1- BMI: ≥ 97th percentile
2- Triglycerides: > 110 mg/dL
3- HDL cholesterol: < 40 mg/dL
4- Systolic/diastolic BP: > 90th percentile
5- Fasting glucose: > 110 mg/dL or oral glucose tolerance test > 140 mg/dL
6- Waist circumference: > 90th percentile

73
Q

what is FPIES? how do you manage it?

A

severe milk protein intolerance typically in the first 3 mos of life
pw heme + stools or hematochezia and nl abdominal exam
not d/t IgE
manage with protein hydrosylate formula or eliminating the protein from mom’s diet

74
Q

how does essential FA deficiency present? (3)

A

scaly dermatitis
alopecia
thrombocytopenia

Nutrition (1 decks)

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