Nutrition D.5

Question 1

5.1.State the normal levels of blood glucose at rest

Answer 1

• The human body normally keeps blood glucose level between 4.0 MMOL/L - 4.5 MMOL/L

Question 2

5.2. Outline the causes of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia

Answer 2

HYPOGLYCEMIA:

• Insufficient food intake
• Excessive exercise
• High insulin levels among diabetes

Question 3

5.2. Outline the causes of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia

Answer 3

HYPERGLYCEMIA:

• Infections (such as a cold or flu)
• Low insulin levels in diabetics

Hyperglycemia usually develops slowly, over several hours or days

Question 4

5.3. Explain the transportation of glucose during physical activity

Answer 4

• GLUT-4 transporters are stored inside intracellular vesicles that are translocated to the cell membrane, when needed, to allow for greater glucose movement into the cell
• GLUT-4 transporters can be stimulated during rest by raised levels of insulin after eating
• GLUT-4 transporters can also be stimulated, without insulin, during physical exercise
• Glucose taken into the muscle cells is quickly converted to glucose-6-phosphate; this ensures that the concentration gradient for glucose movement is maintained

Question 5

5.4. Outline the effect of training on an athlete’s ability to take in glucose at the cellular level

Answer 5

Exercise increases the amount of GLUT-4 transport protein cells which, in turn, enables a higher rate of glucose uptake into the cell for use as fuel