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Blood Sciences > nutritional anaemias > Flashcards

nutritional anaemias Flashcards

1
Q

what is reference range?

A

the reference range are the values expected for a healthy person

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2
Q

what is differential diagnosis?

A

an alternate diagnosis

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3
Q

how are nutritional anaemias caused?

A

by a deficiency of nutrients required for the formation of haemoglobin or erythrocytes

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4
Q

which micronutrients are required for optimal blood cell production?

A

iron
folic acid
vitamin B12
vitamin B6

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5
Q

What is the most common macronutrient deficiency?

A

Iron deficiency anaemia

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6
Q

How much iron do well-nourished individuals have?

A

4-5 grams

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7
Q

how is iron transported?

A

by transferrin - protein carrier

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8
Q

How much iron is in muscle forms?

A

around 6%

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9
Q

where can iron be transported to?

A

liver for storage
bone marrow for red cell production

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10
Q

Where does Haem iron come from?

A

Meat

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11
Q

Where does Fe3+ iron come from?

A

leafy vegetation

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12
Q

How is Fe3+ reduced and why is it reduced

A

iron cannot be absorbed in Fe3+ form - must be reduced to Fe2+ by the enzyme ferriductase

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13
Q

How does iron leave the cell?

A

ferroportin

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14
Q

How is Haem iron reduced?

A

by haem oxygenase to Fe2+

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15
Q

what is apoferritin?

A

a ferritin that is not combined with iron

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16
Q

what is ferritin?

A

intracellular protein that stores iron in a soluble non-toxic way
found in most tissues
releases iron in a controlled manor when it is needed

17
Q

what dictates hepcidin production?

A

Transferrin receptor 2

18
Q

what does hepcidin do?

A

regulates systematic iron metabolism by interacting with its receptor ferroportin

19
Q

is hepcidin a positive or negative regulator?

A

negative regulator

20
Q

what are the causes of iron deficiency anaemia?

A

Increased demand:
- blood loss
- growth and pregnancy
- functional IDA
decreased supply:
- poor dietary supply
- Malabsorption

21
Q

Where is iron absorbed in dietary intake?

A

Duodenal cells

22
Q

When red blood cells are exhausted where are they recycled into?

A

Spleen

23
Q

What is haemosiderin?

A

Iron-storage complex

24
Q

Where is hepcidin produced?

A

In the liver

Blood Sciences (6 decks)

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