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NCM 101 SEMIS > NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT > Flashcards

NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT Flashcards

1
Q

Is the degree to w/c individual’s psychological need for nutrients is being met by food he/she is eating.

A

Nutritional Status or Nutriture

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2
Q

The degree of balance b/n nutrient intake & nutrient requirement.

A

Nutritional Status or Nutriture

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3
Q

Methods that Provide DIRECT Information

A
  1. Anthropometric Measurement
  2. Biochemical Assessment or Examination
  3. Biophysical Technique or Radiological Measurements
  4. Clinical Assessment/Examination
  5. Dietary Evaluation/Assessment
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4
Q

Methods that Provide INDIRECT Information

A
  1. Food Consumption Studies
  2. Studies on health conditions and vital
    statistics
  3. Studies on food supply situation
  4. Studies on socio-economic conditions
  5. Studies on cultural and anthropological influences
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5
Q

Methods of Assessing Dietary Intake

A
  1. 24-Hour Recall
  2. Food Frequency Questionnaire
  3. Dietary History (since early life)
  4. Food Diary
  5. Observation of Food Intake
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6
Q

Significance of Nutritional Assessment 24-Hour Recall

A
  1. First essential in nutritional planning.
  2. Provides data and information for planning and evaluation.
  3. Helps define priorities and responsibilities of public health system at the national, regional, provincial, city, municipal, & barangay levels
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7
Q

deals with the examination of changes that can be seen or felt in superficial tissues such as skin, hair, eyes,

A

Clinical Assessment

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8
Q

Advantages of Clinical Assessment

A
  • More coverage in a short time
  • Inexpensive, no need for sophisticated equipment
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9
Q

Protein – Energy Malnutrition

A

Marasmus (dry form)
Kwashiorkor (edematous form)
Marasmic kwashiorkor

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10
Q

An impairment of night vision. May be treated by supplementation of the daily diet with Vitamin A.

A

Xerophthalmia

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11
Q

low hemoglobin

A

Anemia

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12
Q

Enlargement of the thyroid glands due to its need for iodine.

If iodine is in short supply, the gland grows to try and offset the deficit.

Obvious neck swelling makes the disease easy to diagnose.

A

Goiter

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13
Q

a.Magenta red tongue

b.Sores at the angle of the mouth and folds of the nose

c.Itching and scaling of the skin around the nose, mouth, scrotum, forehead, ears, scalp & others

A

Vitamin B2 or Riboflavin Deficiency

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14
Q

estimation of time desaturation, enzyme activity or blood composition.

Results are generally compared to standards i.e., normal levels for age & sex.

A

Biochemical Assessment

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15
Q

Tests are confined to two fairly easily
obtainable fluids for biochemical assessment.

A

Blood and urine

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16
Q

Index of dietary adequacy under protein for Biochemical assessment.

A

Urea N/ crea ratio

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17
Q

Ratio of four indispensable amino acids and four indispensable amino acids in serum by paper chromatography

High ( 5-10) in kwashiorkor and low (less than 2) in well-fed children

A

Amino acid imbalance test

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18
Q

Low (0.5-1.5) in clinically malnourished children; normal: 2.0 to 5.0

A

Hydroxyproline excretion in random urine

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19
Q

Lowered in severe protein depletion

Guide to Interpretation (g/100mL)

High 4.25; Acceptable 3.52 – 4.24 ; Low 2.80 – 3.51; Deficient less than 2.80

A

Serum Albumin

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20
Q

Cyanmethamoglobin method by spectrophotometry

A.O hemoglobinometer – simple technique, handy

Others: Sahli’s; Talquuist; Copper sulfate specific gravity method

A

Hemoglobin determination

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21
Q

Hematocrit A measure of red cell volume

Obtained from a finger prick

A

Hematocrit

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22
Q

Values below means anemia exist

A

6 mos to 6 years =11
6 years to 14 years =12
Adult males =13
Adult females – non pregnant =12
Adult females – pregnant =11

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23
Q

reflects prolonged severe dietary deficiency – probably up to 1 year in adults and up to 4 months in young children

A

Low Serum Vitamin A

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24
Q

Serum Vitamin A and serum carotene level by

A

spectrophotometry using micro and macro methods

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25
Q

These tests are used in specific studies, where additional information regarding change in the bone or muscular performance is required. Radiological methods have been used in studying the change of bones in rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis and scurvy.

A

Biophysical Technique

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26
Q

there is widened concave(cupped) rarified, frayed distal end of long bones usually the radius and ulna.

A

active rickets

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27
Q

, there is healed concave line of increase density at distal ends of long bones usually the radius and ulna.

A

Rickets

28
Q

there is ground glass appearance of long bone with loss of density.

A

Infantile Scurvy

29
Q

there is increased cardiac size as visible through rays.

A

Beri Beri

30
Q

Changes in bone also occur in

A

advanced florosis

31
Q

is the measurement of variations of the physical dimensions and gross composition of the human body at different age levels and degrees of nutrition.

A

Anthropometry

32
Q

6 Anthropometric Measurements

A

Weight
Height
Weight for height.length
Skinfold thickness
Body circumferences
Birth weight

33
Q

Key anthropometric measurement

A

Weight

34
Q

Assesses linear dimension composed of the following: legs, pelvis, spine and the skull

A

Height

35
Q

Measurement tools for height

A

statiometer,

anthropometric steel rods fixed accurately and vertically to the wall.

For infrants (below 2 years), an infantometer is used.

36
Q

Assesses body composition, fat distribution & hence reserve of calories

Must be compared against standards for age and sex at all age

A

Skinfold thickness

37
Q

Measurement tool for Skinfold thickness

A

Reliable caliper

38
Q

most accurate indicator of present or current state of nutrition: An expression of leanness or wasting

A

Weight for heigh/length

39
Q

is of value in detecting PEM in early childhood and are the same at six months of age. After this, the skull grows slowly and the chest grows more rapidly.

A

Head/chest circumference ratio

40
Q

has been mainly used on 1 to 6 years old. For Body Circumference

A

Mid-upper arm circumference MUAC

41
Q

Between 1 to 4 years. This value change little, the age need not be accurately known.

A

Reference values

42
Q

Related to maternal nutrition and socio-economic status,

Usually taken as cut-off point for “low birth weight babies” is 2500 grams

A

Birth weight

43
Q

Reference used in Weight-for-age

A

Philippine classification of undernutrition

44
Q

when the child’s weight is between 91 to 110% of his ideal weight

A

Normal

45
Q

when the child’s weight is only 76 to 90% of his ideal weight.

A

First degree underweight

46
Q

when the child’s weight is only 61 to 75% if his ideal weight; and

A

Second degree underweight

47
Q

when the child’s weight is only 60% or less of his ideal weight.

A

Third degree Underweight

48
Q

What is 110% of standard weight for Weight-for-height

A

Overweight

49
Q

What is 90- 109% of standard weight for Weight-for-height

A

Normal

50
Q

What is 85-89% of standard weight for Weight-for-height

A

Underweight

51
Q

What is 75- 84% of standard weight for Weight-for-height

A

Undernourished moderate

52
Q

What is 75% of standard weight for Weight-for-height

A

Undernourished severe

53
Q

Combination of these anthropometric measurements permits further distinction between acute malnutrition, and chronic malnutrition as well as simple stunting.

A

Weight-for-height and height-for-age

54
Q

Acute malnutrition

A

low weight-for- height, normal height-for-age

55
Q

Chronic malnutrition

A

low-weight-for-height and low height-for-age

56
Q

BMI

A

Body Mass Index

57
Q

Formula of BMI

A

Weight/height2

58
Q

Degree of Malnutrition

A

Actual Body weight/ Ideal body weight (135) x 100

59
Q

estimates lean body mass or skeletal muscle reserves

A

Middle Upper Arm Circumference

60
Q

is indication of Severe Acute Malnutrition

A

Pitting edema

61
Q

To determine skeletal muscle reserves or the amount of lean body mass & evaluate malnourishment in clients.

A

Mid-arm Muscle Circumference (MAMC)

62
Q

MAMC is derived from MAC & TSF

A

0.314 ︎X TSF(mm)

63
Q

To assess body fat distribution.

A

Hip-Waist Ratio (HWR)

64
Q

Narrowest part of waist is measured

A

Waist circumference

65
Q

is measured at widest part of hips

A

Hip circumference

NCM 101 SEMIS (5 decks)

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