Nutritional Epidomology

Question 0

Proportion is the

Rate is the

Answer 0

Ratio were he numerator is included in the denominator
Eg a/(a+b) - % of smokers in aus
Rate is the ratio with a specific relationship between n + d with a time period in the denominator

Question 1

Ratio is the

Answer 1

Relationship between two quantities

Question 2

Incidence and prevalence what are they?
Acute disease
Chronic disease

Answer 2

Incidence- rate at which a new case occurs in a population during a specific time period
Prevelance: the proportion of a population that are cases at a point in time
-point prevelance = at a specific point In time
-period prevelance= over a period of time (month/year)
Acute disease =⬆ incidence and ⬇ prevelance

Question 3

Terms to know:
Infant mortality rate= no. Of deaths < 1 year/ no. Of live births
Child mortality rate= no. Of deaths 0-5 years/ population of 0-5 years
Life expectancy
Risk
Odds

Answer 3

Infant mortality rate= no. Of deaths < 1 year/ no. Of live births
Child mortality rate= no. Of deaths 0-5 years/ population of 0-5 years.
Life expectancy: average no of years of life remaining to a person at a specific age (assuming age- specific mortality rates continue)
Risk: no of those who experience the event / total no at risk (a/a+b)
Odds: no of those who experience the event/ no of those who don’t

Question 4

Studies
What is a Cohort study
Case-control
Randomised controlled Trial

Answer 4

Cohort

• recruit at exposure and measure outcome
• direct measure of risk
• measures RR but takes time and money

Case-control 
-recruit on outcome and measure exposure 
-time and cost efficient but no risk measurement 
Quality 
-validity 
-incidence + catchment areas 
-blind studies 
-biomarkers for confirmation 

RCT

• placebo and intervention group, measure outcome
• randomised allocation through blinding

Question 5

What is the hierarchy of studies

Answer 5

Surveys 
Case-control
Cohort 
RCT
Data analysis 
Truth 

Bad to good

Question 6

Australia’s food and nutrition!

Calcium recommendations for boys and girls

Answer 6

9-11yrs. Boys (1000mg), girls (1000mg)
12-13 boys( 1300 mg) girls (1300mg)
14-18 boys ( same and same)

Question 7

Macronutrients percentage distribution

Answer 7

Boys