Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OA Exam 1 > OA Perfusion: PVD > Flashcards

OA Perfusion: PVD Flashcards

1
Q

PVD

A

Peripheral Vascular Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Peripheral vascular system

A

veins and arteries not in the heart and brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

peripheral arteries

A

supply oxygenated blood to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

peripheral veins

A

lead deoxygenated blood from the capillaries in the extremities back to the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Types of circulation disorders

A
  • functional

- organic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Functional Circulation disorders

A
  • short term effects
  • spasms
  • triggered by cold temperature, emotional stress, vibrating machinery, smoking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Organic Circulation disorders

A
  • structural changes
  • inflammation
  • tissue damage
  • PAD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PAD

A

peripheral artery disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

% of men over 50 that experience intermittent claudication of PVD

A

5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

% of women over 50 that experience intermittent claudication of PVD

A

2.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Manifestations of PVD

A
  • diseases of blood vessels outside the heart and brain
  • altered blood flow
  • lower extremities most frequently, then kidneys and arms
  • leads to “ischemia”
  • cost of PVD overwhelming and expected to rise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Intermittent Claudication of PVD

A
  • usual reason to seek treatment
  • location depends upon area of occlusion
  • experience dull cramping pain, burning, muscle discomfort or pain
  • subside with rest
  • distances walked become shorter
  • eventually may occur at rest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Resting (ischemic) pain

A
  • numbness or burning
  • may awaken patients
  • distal portion of extremities
  • may result in limb loss
  • collateral circulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

collateral circulation

A

growth/enlargement of additional blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Non-invasive Diagnostics

A
  • ABI: Ankle Brachial Index
  • CT Scan & MRI
  • Doppler Ultrasound
  • Duplex Imaging
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diagnostic Testing

A
  • Peripheral Angiography

- Venography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ABI

A

Ankle Brachial Index

  • differences between arms and legs
  • normal=1
  • mild obstr= 0.8 - 0.95
  • moderate= 0.4 - 0.8
  • severe=
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Doppler Ultrasound

A
  • reflected sound waves
  • evaluates blood flow
  • reveals: DVT and Plaque
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Peripheral Angiography

A
  • injection of contrast medium (iodine based)
  • series of x-rays
  • groin puncture site
  • bed rest 4-6 hrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

complications of peripheral angiography

A
  • bleeding
  • infection
  • contrast reaction
  • clot formation
  • artery damage
  • hematoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

venography

A
  • injection of contrast medium
  • consent required
  • used to locate thrombi, tumors, inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

venography is used to locate..

A
  • thrombi
  • tumors
  • inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of arterial walls

-most common chronic arterial disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

form of arteriosclerosis

-deposits of fat and fibrin obstruct and harden the arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When does atherosclerosis develop into PVD or PAD

A

when the hardened and obstructed arteries impair the blood supply to peripheral tissues, particularly the lower extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Pulse sites

A
  • Temporal
  • Carotid
  • Brachial
  • Radial
  • Ulnar
  • Femoral
  • Popliteal
  • Posterior Tibial
  • Dorsalis Pedis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Pulse Checks

A
  • Popliteal

- Pedal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Pedal Pulses

A
  • Dosalis Pedis

- Posterior Tibial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

3+ pulse

A

full and bounding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

2+ pulse

A

normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

1+ pulse

A

diminished and weak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Absent

A

no pulse

-provider must be contacted after multiple attempts, RN double check

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

D pulse

A

found on doppler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Extremity Assessment

A
  • Color
  • Temp
  • Cap Refill
  • Ulceration
  • Edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Cap Refill

A

3 seconds: delayed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Ulceration types

A
  • Arterial
  • Venous
  • Diabetic
37
Q

Pedal Edema

A

measured after depressing a finger into the edematous area

38
Q

0 Edema

A

no edema

39
Q

1+ Edema

A

-2mm,
-slight indentation,
-no swelling of leg
-

40
Q

2+ Edema

A
  • 4mm
  • indentation subsides rapidly
  • 20-40 sec
41
Q

3+ Edema

A
  • 6mm
  • indentation remains for a short time
  • leg looks swollen
  • 40-60 sec
42
Q

4+ Edema

A
  • 8mm
  • indentation lasts a long time
  • leg is very swollen
  • > 60 sec
43
Q

Arterial Obstruction Classifications

A
  • Inflow

- Outflow

44
Q

Inflow Obstruction

A
  • distal end of the Aorta
  • Iliac arteries
  • do not cause significant tissue damage
45
Q

Where is the discomfort with inflow obstruction?

A
  • lower back
  • buttocks
  • thighs
46
Q

Outflow Obstruction

A
  • below the superficial femoral artery (femoral, popliteal, tibial)
  • significant tissue damage
47
Q

Where is the discomfort with the outflow obstruction?

A
  • calves
  • ankles
  • feet
  • toes
48
Q

Acute Arterial Occlusive Disorders

A

sudden interruption of blood flow

-usually in the lower extremities

49
Q

Most common cause of acute arterial occlusive disorders

A

embolism

50
Q

Complications of acutre arterial occlusive disorders

A
  • gangrene
  • muscle necrosis
  • limb amputation
51
Q

Degree of Reaction

A
  • Six P’s
  • Increased severity
  • Extremity assessment
52
Q

Six P’s

A
  • Pain
  • Pallor
  • Pulselessness
  • Paraesthesia
  • Paralysis
  • Poikilothermia (coolness)
53
Q

Severity is increased when…

A
  • extremity is cyanotic
  • pallor if elevated
  • rubor if lowered
  • muscle atrophy
54
Q

What will the extremity look like with acute arterial occlusion disorder?

A
  • dusky, pale, mottled
  • hair loss
  • thick toenails
55
Q

Therapeutic Management for Acute Arterial Occlusion Disorders

A
  • Recognition
  • Anticoagulation
  • Surgical Intervention
  • Fibrinolytics (intra-arterial)
  • Continuing Assessment
56
Q

Surgical interventions

A
  • embolectomy

- thrombectomy

57
Q

Antiplatlet Meds

A
  • ASA
  • Ticlopidine
  • Clopidogrel
58
Q

Anticoagulant Meds

A
  • Heparin
  • Warfarin
  • Lovenox (enoxaparin)
59
Q

Warfarin

A

oral heparin

60
Q

Fibrinolytics

A

Dissolves clot

61
Q

How soon does a Fibrinolytic need to be given after S/S onset with acute occlusion disorder?

A

-Must be given first 4-8 hours after S/S onset

62
Q

Types of Fibrinolytics

A

-tPA, Streptokinase, Retavase

63
Q

PAD

A

Peripheral Arterial Disease

  • Usually the aorta, Iliacs, and lower limbs
  • Segmental Narrowing or Obstruction of the Arterial Tree
64
Q

What is PAD a common manifestation of?

A

Systemic Atherosclerosis

65
Q

Pathophysiology of PAD

A
  • onset is insidious
  • collateral circulation
  • occurs at bifurcations
66
Q

Stages of Arteriosclerosis

A
  • Fatty Streaks
  • Altered Endothelium
  • Lipid infiltration (intima)
  • Smooth muscle migration
  • Fibrious plaque
  • Complicated lesion
67
Q

Unmodifiable Risk Factors for Chronic PAD

A
  • age
  • gender (male)
  • genetics
  • ethnicity
68
Q

Modifiable Risk Factors for Chronic PAD

A
  • smoking
  • hyperlipidemia
  • HTN
  • Physical inactivity
  • Obesity
  • Diabetes mellitus
69
Q

S/S of Chronic PAD

A
  • Variable
  • based on vessel affected
  • collateral circulation
  • intermittent claudication or rest pain
  • ischemic rest pain or ulceration
  • paresthesia
70
Q

When will S/S of PAD start?

A

75% occluded

71
Q

Diagnosis for PAD is based on…

A

ABI (

72
Q

How will the extremity look with PAD?

A
  • cool, dry, thin, shiny
  • pallor if elevated
  • rubor if dependent
  • nails thick and brittle
  • hair loos to toes, feet, and legs
  • pulses often absent or diminished
  • edema is infrequent
73
Q

Goal of Therapeutic Management for PAD

A
  • eliminate ischemic symptoms
  • prevent CV complications
  • Avoid exposure to cold
  • Daily foot care
  • Regular walking program
74
Q

Pharmacologic Management for PAD

A
  • antiplatlet agents
  • Lipid lowering agents
  • antihypertensives
  • Pentoxitylline (Trental)
75
Q

Antiplatlet Agents for PAD

A
  • ASA
  • Dipyridamole (Persantine)
  • Clopidogrel (Plavix)
  • Cilostazol (Pletal)
76
Q

Lipid lowering agents for PAD

A
  • Statins
  • Niacin
  • Bile Sequestrants
77
Q

antihypertensives for PAD

A

ace inhibitors

78
Q

What does Pentoxitylline (Trental) do?

A

lower blood viscosity

79
Q

Radiologic Interventions for PAD

A

Interventional Radiology

  • Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty
  • Stents
  • Atherectomy
  • Laser Thermal Angiography
80
Q

Surgical Interventions for PAD

A

Open Surgical Procedures

  • Endarterectomy
  • Bypass Graft Surgery
  • Amputation (last resort)
81
Q

Post-Procedural Care

A
  • pulses marked
  • surgical site assessment
  • avoid constrictive clothing
  • don’t cross legs
  • quit smoking
  • keep warm but avoid direct heat
  • pain management
  • avoid sharp flexion
82
Q

Common risk factors for Aortic Aneurysm

A
  • HTN
  • Smoking
  • Atherosclerosis
  • More common in men
  • Increases with age
  • Strong genetic component
83
Q

Common risk factors for Aortic Dissection

A
  • HTN

- Progression: influenced by mechanical stress, can rupture at any time

84
Q

Types of Aneursym

A
  • True

- False

85
Q

Types of True Aneurysm

A
  • Saccular

- Fusiform

86
Q

Saccular Aneurysm

A

thin area pouches out

87
Q

Fusiform Aneurysm

A
  • spindle shaped

- involves the entire circumference of the arterial wall

88
Q

False or Pseudo-Aneurysm

A
  • complete tear of arterial wall

- formation of a pseudo-wall

OA Exam 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions