Obedience

Question 1

What was the aim of Milgrams original study?

Answer 1

To see if Germans were somehow different from other people and able to carry out barbaric acts.

Question 2

What were some procedure points of Milgrams original experiment

Answer 2

• 40 white male undergrads Pps ages 20 to 50
• shocks from 15 to 450 V
• Pps were given a real 45v shock
• Mr Wallace was the learner
• Mr Williams the experimenter was stern ~ Pls continue

Question 3

What were the results of Milgrams original study

Answer 3

100% obedience up to 300V
65% obedience up to 450V

Question 4

Strengths of Milgrams original study

Answer 4

Had validity as experiment was well controlled. Study can be replicated.

Question 5

Weaknesses of Milgrams original study

Answer 5

Lacks ecological validity

Lacks generalisability

Question 6

What was experiment 7?
And its result

Answer 6

Telephonic instruction

22.5% obedience

Pps decieved the experimenter

Question 7

What was experiment 10?

And the result

Answer 7

Run down office block

47.5% obedience

Question 8

What was experiment 13?

And the result

Answer 8

Ordinary man

20% obedience

Question 9

What was the aim of burgers contemporary study?

Answer 9

Develop variation of Milgrams procedure allowing comparison while protecting the well being of the Pps

Question 10

What were some procedure points of Burgers Experiment

Answer 10

• 70 Pps aged 20 to 81
• Pps were paid $50 for a two step screening
• Mr Williams was a clinical psychologist
• shocks went to 150V and real shock of 15V

Question 11

What were the results of Burgers Study

Answer 11

70% obedience, little difference between gender

Question 12

Strengths of Burgers study

Answer 12

Ethical - had a clinical psychologist aswell as screening

Question 13

Weaknesses of Burgers study

Answer 13

Lacks task validity

Still concerned with ethical and Pps still places in hard situation

Question 14

What is the definition of Agentic state

Answer 14

Acting on behalf of a person of authority, surrendering one’s free will

Question 15

What is the definition of autonomous state

Answer 15

Acting with free will and taking responsibility for own actions

Question 16

What are the 6 parts of agency theory

Answer 16

Agentic state
Autonomous state
Socialised
Chaos
Moral strain
Blind destruction

Question 17

What is agency theories application to society

Answer 17

Knowledge of this theory could help to stop people being destructively obedient e.g military training

Question 18

Strengths of Agency theory

Answer 18

Supported by Milgrams study as they willingly followed orders

Children are socialised so society can function otherwise we would fall into chaos

Question 19

Weaknesses of Agency Theory

Answer 19

More descriptive of how society works but doesn’t explain aswell as not explaining why some obey and some don’t

Lacks validity and supporting study does not have ecological validity

Question 20

The 3 Parts to Social Impact Theory
(Latane)

Answer 20

Strength
Immediacy
Number

Question 21

What is Social Impact

Answer 21

Is any induviduals feelings, thoughts or behavious that is exerted by the real, implied or imagined actions of another

Question 22

What are situational factors affecting obedience?

Answer 22

Gradual commitment
Dehumanisation
Social support

Question 23

What is the key question for obedience?

Answer 23

Were the soldiers in Abu ghraib acting under blind obedience to authority

Question 24

US soldiers breached human rights of the prisoners, what were some of the things they did

Answer 24

Detainees subjected to stress position, nudity, and even death

Question 25

What were the soldiers jobs in Aby Ghraib

Answer 25

Job was to extract information about terrorist activity from the detainees by ‘softening them up’

Question 26

Why was Abu Ghraib an issue for society?

Answer 26

After photos of Abu Ghraib was released there was wide spread condemnation towards Americans as just before the American government had updated the Geneva Convention

Question 27

What was the Geneva Convention about?

Answer 27

Protected the rights of prisoners

Question 28

What did agency theory suggest about the soldiers?

Answer 28

Soldiers were in the Agentic state.
Soldiers such as Graner were acting under the orders of the CIA.
Joe Darby another soldier was in autonomous state, handed in the photos.

Question 29

How was Moral Strain shown in Abu Ghraib

Answer 29

Graner a soldier expressed his concerns for the prisoners despite the chance of punishment

Question 30

How did social impact theory influence the soldiers

Answer 30

CIA were present (strength)

Question 31

Why is standard deviation used?

Answer 31

Standard deviation uses all data collected in a set of results to calculate how much variation there is from the mean

Question 32

What is random sampling?

Answer 32

Everyone in a target population has an equal chance of selection e.g by using a number generator

Question 33

Strength and weakness of random sampling

Answer 33

Low bias therefore more representative of population

Difficult to access all the population so sampling can take place

Question 34

What is stratified sampling?

Answer 34

Sample is proportionally representative of the target population

Question 35

Strength and weakness of stratified sampling

Answer 35

All relevant groups have some representation

Relies on researchers knowing all the different groups

Question 36

Strength and weakness of volunteer sampling

Answer 36

Pps more likely to cooperate

May take time to get enough voluntees

Question 37

What is volunteer sampling?

Answer 37

Volunteers select themselves by responding to adverts

Question 38

What is opportunity sampling?

Answer 38

Researchers take whoever is available to take part in the study

Question 39

Strengths and weaknesses of opportunity sampling

Answer 39

Researcher has more control over who is chosen

May not be representative of all groups