Observation Flashcards
What is event sampling
Drawing up a list of behavioural categories. Then count every time each of the behaviours occurs in a specific time period
What is time sampling
Recording behaviours at regular intervals (like ever 8 seconds) or taking a sample at different times of the day/month
Give an example of structured observation
Controlled observation- certain things in the environment are controlled
Give an example of unstructured observation
Naturalistic observation- the environment is as it would be even if the observer wasn’t interested
What is covert observation
Observations made without a participants knowledge
What is overt observation
Participant is aware of being observed
Give a negative of controlled observation
Environment may feel unnatural and then participants behaviour may not be normal. - observations will lack validity
Give a positive of controlled observation
Allows focus on particular aspects of behaviours
Give a negative of naturalistic observation
Demand characteristics. And there is little control of all other variables
Give a positive of naturalistic observation
A realistic picture of natural, spontaneous behaviour - high ecological validity
Give a negative of overt observation
If participants know they are being observed they are likely to alter their behaviour - observer effect
Give a positive of overt observation
Avoids lack of informed consent because participants decide whether to participate
Give a positive of Covert observation
Participants behave more naturally because they are not aware of being observed
Give a negative of Covert observation
Raises ethical issues about observing people without their knowledge- deception and invasion of privacy
