Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Question 1

Wha is obstructive sleep apnoea?

Answer 1

Collapse of the pharyngeal airway during sleep
Characterised by apnoea episodes during sleep where the person will stop breathing periodically for up to a few minutes

Usually reported by the partner as the patient is unaware of these episodes.

Question 2

Risk Factors for OSA (5)

Answer 2

Middle age
Male
Obesity
Alcohol
Smoking

Question 3

Features of OSA (8)

Answer 3

Apnoea episodes during sleep (reported by partner)
Snoring
Morning headache
Waking up unrefreshed from sleep
Daytime sleepiness
Concentration problems
Reduced oxygen saturation during sleep

Severe cases can cause hypertension, heart failure and can increase the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke

Question 4

What scale is used to measure sleepiness?

Answer 4

Epworth Sleepiness Scale

Question 5

Important question to sk when suspecting OSA

Answer 5

Daytime sleepiness

Occupation

Question 6

Management of OSA

Answer 6

Referral to an ENT specialist or a specialist sleep clinic

Correct reversible RF
Use CPAP

Surgery - uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) involves quite significant surgical restructuring of the soft palate and jaw