Oceans Unit 2

Question 1

What is the molecular structure and polarity of water

Answer 1

water is polar and has an unequal sharing of electrons

Question 2

cohesion

Answer 2

attraction between same molecules

Question 3

adhesion

Answer 3

attraction between different molecules

Question 4

high specific heat

Answer 4

water resists changes in temperature, creates breezes

Question 5

how are humans impacting ocean chemistry?

Answer 5

glaciers, sea level, and temperature

Question 6

what is the difference between heat and temperature?

Answer 6

heat is the energy of moving molecules and temperature is the measurement of kinetic energy

Question 7

what are the 3 phases of water?

Answer 7

solid (ice), liquid (water), gas (water vapor)

Question 8

why is the melting and boiling point of water not the same as pure water?

Answer 8

due to temperature and salinity

Question 9

when does pure water freeze?

Answer 9

0 degrees Celsius

Question 10

when does pure water boil?

Answer 10

100 degrees Celsius

Question 11

what is salinity?

Answer 11

a measurement of how much salt is dissolved in the water

Question 12

3 factors that influence salinity

Answer 12

freshwater input, evaporation, and precipitation

Question 13

why is knowing salinity important?

Answer 13

it controls the density of ocean water and is the reason we have ocean currents

Question 14

what are the salinity levels of earth?

Answer 14

poles = low salinity
30 degree latitude line = high salinity
equator = low salinity

Question 15

how does temperature, evaporation, and precipitation play a role in salinity?

Answer 15

low temp. = low evaporation = lots of ice = low salinity
high temp. = high evaporation = high salinity

Question 16

thermocline

Answer 16

thin layer in the ocean between warmer mixed water at the surface and cooler deep water below

Question 17

halocline

Answer 17

vertical zone in the ocean where salinity changes rapidly with depth

Question 18

pycnocline

Answer 18

ocean layer where the density gradient is greatest within a body of water

Question 19

what controls the thermocline?

Answer 19

the ocean’s biological pump

Question 20

3 things that define our oceans

Answer 20

salinity, temperature, and density

Question 21

what is denser? colder, saltier water or warmer, less salty water?

Answer 21

Colder, saltier water

Question 22

why is knowing pH important?

Answer 22

so we don’t kill of certain organisms and their habitats

Question 23

examples of acidic items

Answer 23

battery acid, soda, orange juice, vinegar, coffee, milk

Question 24

examples of basic items

Answer 24

bleach, ammonia, hand soap, sea water, blood

Question 25

the equation for pressure

Answer 25

pressure = force/area

Question 26

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 26

weight of the water column pressing down on an object due to gravity

Question 27

boyle's law

Answer 27

volume of gas related to pressure

Question 28

the more depth...

Answer 28

the more pressure there is

Question 29

ekman's transport

Answer 29

the realization that ice was not moving in the same direction as the wind

Question 30

why do items rotate to the right?

Answer 30

water beneath the surface moves at an angle

Question 31

how are ocean currents and weather related?

Answer 31

warm surface currents = warm weather cold surface currents = cold weather

Question 32

global conveyor belt

Answer 32

if global temperatures increase, this changes the overall temperature and chemistry in the oceans

Question 33

what is an ocean gyre?

Answer 33

collection spots for trash washed into the ocean

Question 34

western boundary currents

Answer 34

narrow, deep, fast-flowing

Question 35

eastern boundary currents

Answer 35

shallow, weaker

Question 36

upwelling

Answer 36

when the surface currents mix with the upper water column

Question 37

downwelling

Answer 37

water is forced downwards where it delivers 02 into deeper waters

Question 38

how does thermohaline circulation play a role in deep water and surface currents?

Answer 38

it increases the density of surface waters at high latitudes

Question 39

what drives our ocean currents?

Answer 39

wind

Question 40

what is El Nino?

Answer 40

a warm phase of weather that is associated with low productivity and downwelling

Question 41

what is La Nina?

Answer 41

a cold phase of weather that is associated with high productivity and upwelling

Question 42

how is Idaho affected by El Nino and La Nina?

Answer 42

we get lots of snow and colder winters

Question 43

when do tides occur?

Answer 43

every 6 or 12 hours

Question 44

the equation for force

Answer 44

f = ma

Question 45

how are centrifugal and gravitational forces related to the moon?

Answer 45

the moon's gravitational pull generates tidal force. this causes Earth, and it's water, to bulge out on the side closest to the moon.

Question 46

spring neap tide

Answer 46

the maximum tidal range

Question 47

3 types of tidal patterns

Answer 47

diurnal, semidurnal, and mixed

Question 47

3 types of tidal patterns

Answer 47

diurnal, semidurnal, and mixed

Question 48

what is a tidal bore?

Answer 48

a wall of water that moves up certain low-lying rivers due to an incoming tide

Question 49

where do whirlpools occur?

Answer 49

in shallow passages connecting 2 large bodies of water that have different tidal cycles