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OcPharm > OcPharm_Test1pt2 > Flashcards

OcPharm_Test1pt2 Flashcards

1
Q

What drug does tan represent?

A

Anti-infectives

PHMB, CHX

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2
Q

What color cap does NSAIDs represent?

A

Gray

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3
Q

What is DEA registration needed for

A

For prescription of any controlled substance

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4
Q

What does a schedule III drug entail?

A

Potential exists for abuse and dependency but risk is less than for Schedule II.

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5
Q

Describe schedule IV drug?

A

Dependency for abuse and dependency is low

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6
Q

Describe schedule II drug?

A

High potential for abuse and dependency.

No refills allowed. No phone ins

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7
Q

Describe professional community standard?

A

The practitioner is held to the same standard that a reasonable practitioner would have acted under the same or similar circumstance.
-Uses expert witness testimony and “body of evidence” set by professional community

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8
Q

Describe reasonable patient standard?

A

Based on what a reasonable patient must know rather than what the practitioner must divulge.
-Does not require expert testimony.

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9
Q

Define off label

A

Using a prescription drug for a purpose other than its INDICATION

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10
Q

Define legend drugs?

A

Prescription only drugs

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11
Q

Define expanded use?

A

Some patients my have access to drugs in phase III trials even if they’re not “in” the trial

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12
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

The study of the time course of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of an administered drug.

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13
Q

What is the pH value of tears?

A

7.4

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14
Q

What two things mess with the pharmacokinetics of the eye?

A

pH

Lack of lipids

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15
Q

What happens if you have a tear film that is above the normal value?

A

Lacrimation due to stimulation of nerve endings

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16
Q

What is the mucin layer made up of?

A

Glycoproteins

Secreted by goblet cells in the conj

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17
Q

Which structures are hydrophillic?

A

Aqueous
Mucin
Corneal stroma
Aqueous

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18
Q

Which structures are hydrophobic?

A

Lipid layer

Corneal epithelium

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19
Q

What is the volume of tear layer?

A

8 micro Liters

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20
Q

What is the capacity of the tear layer?

A

30 microliters

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21
Q

What is the size of standard eyedrop>

A

50 microLiters

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22
Q

What happens if you increase a drop size?

A

More systemic absorption.

Ocular absorption is not increased.

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23
Q

How is a drug affected with ocular surface disruption?

A

Enhancement in the penetration of the drug

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24
Q

How is a drug affected with excessive lacrimation?

A

Dilute a drug and reduce penetration

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25
Q

What percentage of a drug does sclera and conj allow to A/C?

A

20%

Majority is carried away by vasculature

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26
Q

Which ocular structure acts as a drug storage depot?

A

The stroma

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27
Q

Which ocular structure may act as a “time-release” delivery?

A

Iris.
Absorbing lipophilic drugs
Turning a light brown iris to a darker brown color

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28
Q

Which ocular structure produces enzymes that detoxify and remove drugs from the eye?

A

Ciliary body

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29
Q

Is the lens a hydrophilic or lipophilic structure?

A

Lipophilic compounds can slowly pass into and through the lens cortex.

30
Q

What is the best way to get a drug to the vitreous?

A

Hydropphilic drug injection.

Oral hydrophilic drugs don’t pass blood retinal barrier.

31
Q

What kind of drugs have access to retina?

A

Lipophilic drugs cross much more easily in both directions.

Many drugs are toxic to the retina and ONH

32
Q

Which drug was the first prodrug?

A

Propine.

Drug going from inactive to active form once it hits the target tissue.

33
Q

What are examples of site-specific drugs?

A

Lotemax

Alrex

34
Q

Describe site-specific drugs

A

The effective form of the drug is rapidly and predictably transformed into its an inactive form.
Alrex
Lotemax

35
Q

What’s so good about BAK?

A

Quarternary surfactant
Very effective antimicrobial
Long shelf life making it stable

36
Q

What’s so bad about BAK?

A

Disrupts lipid layer of tear film
Mess with the cornea, conj
Increase penetration of drugs.

37
Q

What is the preservative that most ppl are allergic to?

A

Mercurials (Thimerosal).
Many countries use this.
Contact sensitivity increase

38
Q

List some other preservatives?

A

Chlorhexidine

Chlorbutanol

39
Q

T/F? Chlorbutanol does not disrupt tear film and has a short shelf life?

A

True

Combined with EDTA

40
Q

What is the name of disappearing preservatives?

A

Oxidative preservatives

41
Q

Name two examples of Oxidative preservatives?

A

Purite

Sodium Perborate

42
Q

How does Sodium perborate work?

A

Converted to H2O2 and then oxygen and water once in the eye.

43
Q

How does Purite work?

A

Dissipates into water and NaCl when exposed to light

44
Q

Which receptor inhibits sympathetic activity?

A

Beta receptor

45
Q

Which pathway contains a bigger innervation?

A

Para Sympathetic

46
Q

Which pathway has a faster response?

A

Para Sympathetic

47
Q

Phenylephrine acts on which receptor?

A

Alpha 1 receptor

48
Q

T/F?

Phenylephrine leads to a loss of accommodative abilities?

A

True
2D.
Tropicamide doesn’t have that great of an effect.

49
Q

Is there a difference b/w 2.5% and 10% phenyl in pupil dilation?

A

Nope

50
Q

T/F?

Sympathetic activity works together with parasympathatetic activity?

A

True

51
Q

What are some other uses of phenyl?

A

Breaking posterior synechiae - use 10%
Peripheral corneal vasoconstriction during LASIK - use 10%
Prevention of miotic systs during POAG or accomm esotropia - use 2.5% soln
Ptosis from sympathetic denervation - use 1%

52
Q

Ocular AE for phenyl?

A 
Transient pain
Lacrimation
Keratinitis
Pigmented aq floaters
Rebound miosis
Rebound conj congestion
Conj hypoxia
53
Q

Systemic effects for Phenyl?

A 
Systemic HTN
Occipital headache
Subarachnoid hem
Ventricular arrhythmia
Tachycardia
Reflex bradycardia
Blanching of skin
54
Q

Which receptor does phenyl work on?

A

Alpha receptors

Little to no effect on beta receptors

55
Q

What is contained within Paremyd?

A

Hydroyamphetamine 1%

Tropicamide .25%

56
Q

Dosage for tetracycline?

A

500mg q6h

57
Q

Uses for Dicloxacillin?

A

Infectious lid disease like

  • Internal hordeolum
  • preseptal cellulitis
  • dacryocystitis
58
Q

Name two examples of cholinergic antagonists?

A

Tropicamide

Cyclopentolate

59
Q

What are the advantages of cholinergic antagonists?

A

To achieve greater pupillary dilation

Overcome the constrictor effect of cholinergic stimulation

60
Q

MOA Cocaine?

A

Blocks neuronal uptake of NE potentiating adrenergic activity.

61
Q

Dilation for cocaine begins taking effect when?

A

20 mins.

Hydroxyamphetamine is 15 mins

62
Q

What’s the purpose of Dapiprazole

A

Clinically uses to reverse diagnostic mydriasis

63
Q

MOA of Dapiprazole?

A

BLocks alpha receptors in the iris dilator muscle

64
Q

T/F?

Dapiprazole is able to completely reverse the dilation effects from Paremyd?

A

True
1 drop or 2 drops can be used.
Effect starts 10 min after instillation

65
Q

MOA of hydroxyamphetamine?

A

Indirect acting adrenergic agonist.
Releases NE from adrenergic nerve terminals.
May stimulate alpha and beta receptors.

66
Q

Which drug has little effect on eye accomm or refractive state;
No raise in IOP?

A

Hydroxyamphetamine

67
Q

MOA of cycloplegics?

A

Inhibit the action of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors and on smooth muscle cells

68
Q

Clinical uses for Atropine?

A

Refraction
Trt of Uveitis
Trt of Myopia
Trt of Amblyopia

69
Q

Which drug is used to reverse the trt of atropine overdose?

A

Physostigmine

70
Q

MOA of cyclopentolate?

A

Anticholinergic:

relax the sphincter muscle producing mydriasis

OcPharm (2 decks)

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