Ocular Pharmacology Flashcards
1
Q
Timolol
A
- beta blocker (non-selective)
- ocular hypotension
- more potent
- concern in patients with resp disease
- decreases aqueous humor secretion
- widely used beta blocker for glaucoma
(FYI) Other beta blockers - bunalol, betaxolol (beta 1), carvediol (alpha + beta mixed) –> dec IOP, dec bronchopulmonary side effects
2
Q
Apraclonidine
A
- alpha 2 agonist
3
Q
Brimonidine
A
- alpha 2 agonist (Clonidine, p-aminoclonidine)
- dec chance of ocular allergy –> used widely
- decreases IOP –>inflow suppression
- decreases aqueous humor section
- increases uveoscleral outflow
4
Q
Latanaprost
A
- Prostaglandin F Rc agonist (Travoprost)
- Inc uveoscleral outflow
- dec IOP
- remodeling of ciliary body w/ formation of intermuscular tubes (controlled by MMP, TIMP)
5
Q
Bimatoprost
A
- Under prostaglandin F Rc agonist but its a prostamide analog
- Inc uveoscleral outflow (Pressure INDEPENDENT)
- Inc trabecular outflow (Pressure DEPENDENT)
- dec IOP
- Remodeling of ciliary body w/ formation of intermuscular tubes (controlled by MMP, TIMP)
6
Q
Acetazolamide
A
- Carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor
- decrease aqueous humor secretion
- systemic side-effects
7
Q
Dorzolamide
A
- Carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor
- decrease aqueous humor secretion
- 1st CA inhibitor TOPICAL agent
- intermediate efficacy as anti-glaucoma agent
8
Q
Pilocarpine
A
- mACh Rc agonist (indirect)
- short duration
- spasm of accommodation
- increase trabecular outflow
- ocular hypotensive drug –> dec IOP
- M3 contraction of ciliary muscle
9
Q
Physostigmine
A
- mACh Rc agonist (indirect and neutral)
10
Q
Alpha 2 agonist + beta 2 agonist + beta 1 blocker = ?
A
Ocular hypotension
Note: beta 2 agonist - dec aqueous humor secretion, inc trabecular outflow
