Old Exam 1

Question 1

When the rate of resource use is less tjan the replacement rate, the system is :

Answer 1

sustainable

Question 2

Which of the following describes when hawaiians became hawaiians?

Answer 2

all of the above, invented names and links to land/resources, adapted behavior to environment, developed unique practices, culture through environment

Question 3

factors that affect the amount of SOM in a location

Answer 3

all of the above, soil properties, management, environment such as temp and waterlogging

Question 4

first two steps in the initioation of water erosion

Answer 4

randrop detachment and overland flow

Question 5

differences between hawaiians and polynesians

Answer 5

more dependent on land and rain rather than the ocean

Question 6

which ecosystems can be said to vary largely because of temp, rather than precipitation

Answer 6

tundra and hot deserts

Question 7

——- is to restore the land to have forests again, ______ is replanting forests in non-forest land

Answer 7

reforestation and afforestation

Question 8

what is the first species that grows after disturbance

Answer 8

herbs and shrubs

Question 9

definition of primary productivity

Answer 9

annual accumulation of biomass in net primary producers

Question 10

In Hawaii, forests are primarily used for ______, whereas worldwide, forests are primarily used for ______

Answer 10

conservation and production

Question 11

items that are renewable

Answer 11

air, water, soil, atmosphere

Question 12

Andisol

Answer 12

1, c, volcanic ash derived

Question 13

Oxisol

Answer 13

3. d, highly weathered tropical soil rich in Fe oxides and low pH

Question 14

Inceptisol

Answer 14

5. e, moderate degree of weathering, common in erosion areas

Question 15

Mollisol

Answer 15

4. a, dark soft soils in grasslands, high fertility

Question 16

Histosol

Answer 16

2. b, organic soils without permafrost, often wetlands

Question 17

Habitat

Answer 17

F. a place where an organism lives its life

Question 18

Sheet Erosion

Answer 18

L. when rainfall and overland flow removes a thin layer of soil across an entire ground surface

Question 19

Weathering

Answer 19

B. the physical and chemical breakdown of particles

Question 20

Niche

Answer 20

K. role and position a species plays in its environment

Question 21

Ecosystem Ecology

Answer 21

D. study of interactions among organisms and their environment

Question 22

Taxonomy

Answer 22

G. hierarchical classification of soil types according to multiple parameters

Question 23

Allometric Equation

Answer 23

A. equation for estimating a parameter that is difficult to measure by using a parameter that is easy to measure

Question 24

Gully erosion

Answer 24

E. steeper slopes concentrate flowing water into deep channels

Question 25

DBH

Answer 25

J. Diameter at breast height

Question 26

Forest Management

Answer 26

H. conservation of forest resources

Question 27

Microorganism

Answer 27

Bacteria, a. releases plant available N and nutrient cycling

Question 28

Soil flaura and Microfauna

Answer 28

Fungi, b. OM decomposition and formation, promote soil aggregates

Question 29

Macro and mesofauna

Answer 29

Earthworms, c. shredding, increase surface particles

Question 30

4 components of soil

Answer 30

minerals 45%, OM 5%, air 25%, water 25%

Question 31

soil forming factors

Answer 31

climate, time, biota, relief, parent material

Question 32

4 principles to promote and conserve soil health and function

Answer 32

maximize soil cover, minimize disturbance, maximize diversity, continuous living roots

Question 33

3 zones of water erosion

Answer 33

surface, transport, departion

Question 34

subdivisions of ecology, smallest to largest

Answer 34

organism->population->community->ecosystem->biome->biosphere->

Question 35

USLE

Answer 35

A = R * K * LS * C * P