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Specialized Gen Rad > Operating Theatre > Flashcards

Operating Theatre Flashcards

1
Q

what are the conditions of OT

A

secluded, 24/7, usually emergency cases, expected of newly qualified DRs

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2
Q

what is the environment of OT

A

1) positive air pressure
2) high ventilation rate
3) 1 directional flow of clean & dirty items
4) many ceiling mounted pendants

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3
Q

purpose of positive air pressure

A

reduces intra-op contamination by microbes

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4
Q

HEPA

A

high efficiency particulate air

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5
Q

induction room

A

1) used to administer anesthetics & sedation
2) patient monitoring & preparation

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6
Q

scrub room

A

handwashing, gloving, gowning

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7
Q

preparation / equipment room

A

keeps accessories & extra apparatus

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8
Q

sluice room

A

efficient disposal of wastes from surgery to reduce cross infections

“dirty/soiled” room

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9
Q

do all hospitals have induction rooms

A

no

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10
Q

PACU

A

post anesthetic care unit

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11
Q

surgical site infections are ___ most common nosocomial infection

A

third

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12
Q

what do cross infections result in

A

1) increased mortality
2) increased hospitalization
3) increased costs

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13
Q

___ is important in reducing morbidity & mortality associated with surgical procedures

A

aseptic techniques

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14
Q

what are aseptic techniques practiced in hospitals

A

1) controlled handling
- handling sterile items
- controlled discussions during surgery
- controlled handling of skin

2) OT traffic

3) prevent contamination
- positive air pressure
- hand hygiene

4) barriers
- sterile gloves, gowns, masks, drapes

5) patient prep
- autoclave & sterile items
- reduce unnecessary contact

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15
Q

___ used to establish sterile field

A

sterile drapes

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16
Q

sterile vs clean

A

sterile = germs eliminated
clean = germs reduced

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17
Q

what are clean techniques

A

1) hand rubs
2) gowning
3) keeping environment clean

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18
Q

how to practice radiation safety in OT

A

1) controlled use of radiation
2) time, distance, shielding

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19
Q

what is the scattered radiation dose distribution like

A

non-uniform; does not follow inverse law unlike point source

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20
Q

effective whole body dose is an ___ due to use of single dosimeter & ___ of dose to organ/tissue

A

underestimation; fraction

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21
Q

purpose of time out

A

addresses important surgical safety prior to operation

22
Q

fluoroscopy is use of ___ x-ray image on a monitor

A

continuous

23
Q

what is the risk of using mobile c-arm

A

1) risk of image distortions
2) bulky
3) difficult to operate

24
Q

what causes image distortion in mobile c-arm

A

non uniform spatial & contrast resolution from center to periphery of circular image

25
Q

MOS

A

metal-oxide-semiconductor

26
Q

what are the applications of mobile c-arm FPD

A

3D recon & spin capabilities

27
Q

what are the benefits of mobile c-arm FPD over w/o FPD

A

1) larger FOV
2) less bulky
3) no image distortions
4) better image quality

28
Q

CCD

A

charge-coupled device

29
Q

what are the applications of mini c-arm

A

limited to extremities due to limited maneuvoring & manipulation

30
Q

what are the benefits of mini c-arm

A

1) one part setup
2) lower radiation dose

31
Q

what are the limts of mini c-arm

A

1) shorter SID
2) smaller FOV

32
Q

what does O-arm utilize

A

laser navigation & guidance based on prelim images taken in 3 planes

33
Q

what is O-arm used for

A

mainly certain spine procedures

34
Q

ABC

A

automatic brightness control

35
Q

what does ABC actively monitor

A

patient thickness & adjusts x-ray intensity based on preset brightness to reduce SNR fluctuations

36
Q

the higher the FPS

A

the higher the dose

37
Q

what is LIH

A

Last Image Hold

displayed last image continuously once radiation stops; reduces fluoroscopy time by half

38
Q

Surgery workflow

A

1) pre-op imaging & lab tests; planning
2) anesthesia & consent
3) time out
4) M&R
5) cleaning & establish sterile field
6) surgery starts
7) imaging as needed
8) close up
9) sign out
10) post op docs & PACU

39
Q

sterility is only applicable in

A

OT

40
Q

why should everyone face forward towards CR

A

lead protection is only provided in the front; nothing at the back

41
Q

what does cambered surface cause

A

non uniform spatial & contrast resolution from center to periphery of circular image

42
Q

sigmoidal distortions occur due to

A

electron optics of intensifier and interaction with external magnetic field

43
Q

patency of lumens =

A

openness & lack of obstruction

44
Q

which part of surgical procedure is optional

A

M&R

45
Q

what are the FPS of cardiac, urological, orthopedic

A

orthopedic = low since bone doesnt move
cardiac = high due to vessel movement
urologic = mid due to fluid movement carrying contrast

46
Q

OT unique items

A

hydraulic OT table
OT light
instrument trolley

47
Q

elements of aseptic practice

A

aseptic techniques
prep & protect patient for surgery
central service for equipment
aseptic behavior
prep personnel practicing in sterile field
environmental servicing

48
Q

___ people operate within sterile field

A

scrubbed

49
Q

___ establishes sterile field

A

sterile drapes

50
Q

why are fluoroscopic images inverted

A

better visualization for input phosphor to glow brighter

51
Q

actions to take in OT

A

procedure familiarity, understand working angle, catching hints to move equipment

52
Q

OT devices

A

internal & external fixator devices
intramedullary rod, nails, pins
kirschner wires
DJ stents
catheters & guidelines

Specialized Gen Rad (13 decks)

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