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mci > Ophtalmology > Flashcards

Ophtalmology Flashcards

1
Q

Cornea scleral junction

A

Limbus

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2
Q

Universal marker of stensils

A

Cd34

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3
Q

Marker of limbal stensil

A

ABCG2

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4
Q

Layers pf cornea

A 
A
B
C
C
D
D
E
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5
Q

Anterior epithelium made up of

A

Non keratinised stratified squammous epithelium

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6
Q

Basal cell of ant epithelium made up of

A

Columnar cells

Capable of mitosis

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7
Q

Middle cells made of

A

Wing shaped/umbrella shaped cells

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8
Q

Superfecial cells

A

Squammous cells

Help in tear film stability

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9
Q

Tear film layers

A

L- lipid layer
A- aqeous
M-mucin

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10
Q

Most commom collagen in bowmans layer

A

Type 1

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11
Q

Mc ground substance

A

Made up of keratin sulphate

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12
Q

True basement membrane of eye

A

Internal limiting membrane of eye

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13
Q

Thickest corneal layer

A

Stroma

90% of corneal thickness

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14
Q

Recently identified layer

A

Duas layer

Toughest layer

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15
Q

Which is most metabolically active layer of cornea

A

Endothelium

Contains Na+ k + atpase pump

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16
Q

No of endothelial cell count

A

2400-3000 cell/mm2

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17
Q

How to measure endothelial cells

A

Specular mucroscopy

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18
Q

Nerve supply

A

T- trigerminal N
O- ophtalmic N
N- nasiciliary N

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19
Q

Measures sensation?

A

Aesthesiometer

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20
Q

Causes of reduced corneal sensation

A 
H- herpes keratitis
D- diabetes
L- leprosy
A-acoustic neuroma
C-contact lens users
T-oveuse of topical drug
S-surgical trauma
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21
Q

Causes of enlarged or prominent corneal nerves

A

L-leprosy
I-idiopathic
N-neurofibromatosis
K-KERATOCONUS

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22
Q

Horizontal diametre of cornea

A

11.7mm

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23
Q

Horizontal diamtre of cornea at time of birth

A

10mm

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24
Q

Microconedia associated with

A

<10mm

Congenital rubella syndrom

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25
Q

Macroconedia associated with

A

> 12mm at birth
13mm in adults

MARFANS SYNDROME
DOWN SYNDROME

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26
Q

Buphtalmus associated with

A

> 13mm

Increased icp

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27
Q

Refractive index of cornea?

A

1.376

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28
Q

Refractive power of cornea

A

43D

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29
Q

Eyeball

A

58.6D

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30
Q

How to measure corneal thickness

A

Pachymetry

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31
Q

Corneal nutrition

A

Glucose -90% from aqoues humor
10% limbal capilary

Oxygen from air

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32
Q

Keratometry?

A

Measures radius of curvature of ant corneal surface

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33
Q

Pulasting mires in keratometry seen in

A

Keratoconus

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34
Q

Corneal topography

A

Studies shape of cornea

Measured by placcido disc

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35
Q

Dyes used for corneal sensation

A

1) flurossein dye - orange color/ used to stain denuded epithelium/
2) rose bengal - red color

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36
Q

Thinnest part of sclera

A

Posterior to insertion of rectus muscle

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37
Q

Thickest sclera

A

Around optic nerve

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38
Q

Sphincter pupillae

A

Constriction of pupil

Causes miosis

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39
Q

Dialator pupillae

A

Mydriasis

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40
Q

Thinnest part of iris

A

Root of iris

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41
Q

Thickest part of iris

A

Collarette

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42
Q

Miosis

A 
H
I
C
O
P
S
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43
Q

Mydriasis

A 
B
I
G
O
A
T
S
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44
Q

Ciliary body function

A

1) secretion of aqueous humor by non pigmented epithelium

2) accomodation

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45
Q

Retina extends from

A

From optic disc posteriorly to orra seratta ant

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46
Q

Orra seratta

A

Junction of ciliary body and choroid

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47
Q

Size of optic disc vertically

A

1.5mm /1500 microns diamtre

Verticaly oval shape

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48
Q

Cup disc ratio

A

<= 0.3

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49
Q

Color of optic disc

A

Pale pink

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50
Q

Macula lutea

A

Yellow spot
Situated in 3mm/2DD temporal to od
Contains - caretenoids lukin zeaxanthine

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51
Q

Macula lutea yellow spot due to

A

Xanthohyl pogment

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52
Q

Macula lutea diamtre

A

5.5mm

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53
Q

Most sensitive part of retina

A

Fovea centralis
Highest visual activity present here
Only cons

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54
Q

Max nmbr of rod cells seen in

A

Peri foveal region

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55
Q

Aqeous humor volume and rate of production

A
  1. 3ml
  2. 3/min

Function: provide nutrition and exerts iop

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56
Q

Vitreous hunor volume

A

4ml
Gel form due to
Function- maintain shape of eyeball

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57
Q

Total eye volume

A

6ml

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58
Q

Inner 6 layers and macula lutea is supplied by

A

Central retinal artery CRA

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59
Q

Outer 4 layers of retina is supplied by

A

Short branch of posterior cerebral artery PCA

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60
Q

Which structure dual supply

A

Macula - cilioretinal artery and cra

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61
Q

Highest refractive index of eye

A

Nucleus 1.406

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62
Q

Ri of cotex

A

1.386

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63
Q

Oldest lens fibres present in

A

Nucleus

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64
Q

Youngest lens fibres present in

A

In cortex

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65
Q

Lens contains

A

65% water

35% proteins

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66
Q

Gold standrd diagnosis method of keratoconus

A

Corneal topography

Done using placedo disc

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67
Q

Toc of keratoconus

A

CR3/CCC( corneal collagen cross linking)

Use riboflavin eyedrops

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68
Q

Mcc bacterial corneal ulcer world wide

A

Staph aureus

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69
Q

Mcc of bacterial corneal ulcer in india

A

Strepto pnuemonia

Pneumococus

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70
Q

Mcc of bacterial corneal ulcer

A

Pseudomonas

Gren color discharge

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71
Q

Mcc of bact c u post lasik operation

A

Athpical mycobacterium

Cracked wind shield ulcer

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72
Q

Wreath pattern/pin head ulcer caused by

A

Nocardia

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73
Q

Pseudomonas can cause corneal ulcer within

A

24-48 hrs

Others min one month

74
Q

Bacteria invades intact corneal epithelium

A 
G
I
L
S
Cornea
75
Q

Symptoms more than signs shows in ehich corneal ulcer

A

Bacterial

76
Q

Bacterial cu hypopion seen as

A

Sterile +mobile

77
Q

Mcc of fungal corneal ulcer

A

Aspergillus fumigates

78
Q

Signs > symptoms seen in which corneal ulcer

A

Fungal

79
Q

Fungal cu hypopion seen as

A

Immobile + non sterile

80
Q

C/f of fungal cu

A 
R-rolled out edges
E- everted
D-DRY LOOKING
F-feathery margins
I-immune ring of WESSELY
S-SATELLITE LESION
H-hypopion
81
Q

Doc for fungal cu

A

5% natamycin + cycloplegics

82
Q

Only corneal ulcer where steroids are not contra indicated

A

Disciform keratitis( viral)

83
Q

Coin shaped sub epithelial opacity deposits seen in

A

Herpes zoster ophtalmicus (HZO)

84
Q

Swimming pool acquired keratitis

A

Acanthamoeba keratitis

Mcc- contact lens users

85
Q

Patient presents with very severe pain out of propotion to occular inversion

A

Acanthamoeba keratitis

86
Q

Doc of acanthamoeba k

A

PHMB(0.02%) poly hexa methylene biguanides

87
Q

Storage media of cornea

A

Short term- upto 48hrs ~4c mount chamber

Intermediate- upto 1 week~ MACKARY KAWFMANS MEDIA

Longterm- cryppreservation ~ -700c

88
Q

Gradual painless loss of vision

A

Catract

89
Q

Yellow color appearence in nucoeae cataract due to

A

Urochrome pigment

90
Q

Cf of nuclear cataract

A

Xanthopsia- yellow color vision

Polyopia- multiple images

91
Q

Earliest sign of cortical cataract

A

Formation of vaccuoles+ water cleft

92
Q

Mc complication of HMSC ( hyper mature senile cataract)

A

Subluxation of lens

93
Q

Snowflake cataract- cortical cataract

A

Diabetes mellitus

94
Q

The only reversible cataract

A

Oil droplet catarat

Galactosemia

95
Q

Sunflower cataract seen in

A

Willsons disease

96
Q

Chirtmas tree cataract seen in

A

Myoclonic dystrophy

97
Q

Which cataract can see in blunt trauma

A

Rossette shaped cataract

98
Q

Glass blower cataract seen in

A

Infrared rays

99
Q

Causes of complicated cataracat

A

R-retinitis
A-angle closure galucoma
M- myopia >6d
U-uveitis

100
Q

Normal axial length

A

24 mm

101
Q

Treatment of cataract

A

1) ICCE
2) ECCE
3) SICS ( small incision cataract surgery)
4) phacoemulsidication

102
Q

ICCE- intracapsular catrct extraction( lens removed completely along with capsule)

ECCE- extra capsular(lens fibres, nucleus +cortex removed along with capsulotomy

A

FLACS - femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery

103
Q

Mcc of accute post operative endophthalmitis (within 7days)

A

Staph epidermidis

104
Q

Mcc of late onset post operative endophthalmitis( >6 week aftr cataract sx)

A

Propioni bacterium acnes

105
Q

Mc congenital catract overall

A

Blue dot cataract

106
Q

Lenticonus anterior causes

A

S- spina bifida
A-
W- waderburg syndrom

107
Q

Lenticonus posterior causes

A

Lowe spine

Congential cataract

108
Q

Glaucoma

A

Charecterised by optic disc changes
Irreversible visual field changes
Iop maybe raised

109
Q

Gold standard method of iop measurement

A

GOLDMANN APPLANATION TONOMETRY {GAT}

110
Q

Signs of angle closure glaucoma

A

Iop>21mmhg
>8 diernal variation
>5mmhg dffrnce btween two eyes

111
Q

How to measure visual field

A

Perimetry

112
Q

Clinicaly significant visual field defect

A

Paracentral scotoma

113
Q

Doc for primary acg

A

Pg analogues

114
Q

Primary angle closure glaucoma signs

A

Iop- 40-60 mmhg
Eclipse sign
Rock hard eye on digital tonometry

Pupil dialated

115
Q

Coloured haloz- corneal epithelial edema seen in

A

Primary angle closure galucoma

116
Q

Fincham test - if it is halos break mean

A

Cataract

117
Q

In fincham test- halos intact

A

Glaucoma

118
Q

Doc for pacg

A

Pilocarpine 1/2%

Causes tightening of iris

119
Q

Doc for accute cases of pcag

A

I/V mannito
Or
Acetazolamide 250

Imeadiatelty aft iop cntrl asses corneal clarity

Toc- laser iridotomy

120
Q

Congenital glaucoma symptoms

A

B- blepharospasm
P-photophobia(earliest symptom)
L- lacrimation(most common)

121
Q

Signs of congenital glaucoma

A

Earliest- HAZY CORNEA

HABBS STRIAE(breaks in decemets membrane)

122
Q

Toc of congenital glaucoma

A

Traveculectomy + trabeculotomy

2) only traveculectomy
3) goniotomy( 1st toc if cornea is clear)

123
Q

Doc for malignant tumor

A

Atropine

124
Q

Mc manifestation of blunt trauma

A

Hyphema;( bleeding from major arterial circle)

125
Q

Treatmnt in hyphema

A

Heat elevation
Topical steroids
Ac wash

126
Q

Cherry red spot seen in

A

Trauma of lens

Due to berlins edema

127
Q

Test to diagnose site of injury in case of penetrating trauma

A

Siedels test

128
Q

Tear drop sign in antrum - in xray seen in

A

Blow out fracture ( floor of orbit)

129
Q

PANDA/ RACOON EYE seen in which fracture

A

Orbital roof fracture

Occurs due to blow on forehead/ eyebrow

130
Q

Thyroid associated ophtalmopathy clincal features

A

1) kochers sign- starring app
2) VONGAFFEs sign- lower lid moves down slowly
3) dollrympe sign - lid retraction, fearing look( mc sign)

131
Q

Dan druff in eye lashes seen in

A

Blepharitis
Anterior
Squammous

132
Q

Virtual and erect image seen in

A

Direct ophtalmoscope

133
Q

Indirect ophtalmoscope image?

A

Real + inverted

134
Q

Area of focus in direct opht

A

2DD

135
Q

Area of field in indirect ophthalmoscope

A

8DD ( disc diametre)

136
Q

B scan utrasonography which waves fir fundus examination

A

Ultra soundwaves

137
Q

Optical cohrence tomography OCT uses which rays

A

Sinilar to b scab except uses infrared rays

138
Q

FFA - fundal fluroscin angiography used for

A

Alles study of circulation of retina and choroid
Orange color dye

ADT:orange yellow discoloration of urine within 24-36 hrs

139
Q

FFA should not done on

A

Renal conpromised patients

140
Q

Hallmark sign of diabetic retinopathy

A

Neivasculusation of retina

141
Q

Anti VEGF drugs

A

RANIZUMAB
BEVACIZUMAB
AFLIBUCEPT
PEGATINIB

142
Q

Diabetic retinopathy earliest pahtological change

A

Loss of pericytes

143
Q

Mcc of loss of vision in proliferative diabetic retinopathy PDR

A

Vitreous henorrhage

144
Q

Mcc of blindness in diabetic retinopathy

A

Retinal detachment

145
Q

Tomato ketchup appearence of fundus / splashed tomato app seen in

A

Ischemic stage of CRVO

146
Q

Sudden, painless loss of vision seen in

A

CRVO non ischemic stage

147
Q

BRVO most common sit

A

AV Crossing

148
Q

BRVO mc sector

A

Supeemrio temporal

149
Q

Mcc of CRAO

A

Atherosclerosis/ htn

150
Q

CHERRY RED SPOT seen in

A 
CHERRY- crao
TREES-trauma blunt
NEVER - neimenn pick disease
GROW - gangliosidocis
TAIL IN - taysach disease
SAND - sandhaff disease
&amp;y
GARDEN- gauchers disease
151
Q

Cattle trucking appearence/ box carring apearence seen in

A

CRAO

152
Q

Treatment of CRAO

A 
It is an occupar emergency
1)initial- occular massage-causing chnges in arterial flow
2)vasodilators- isosorbude
                           CARBOGEN 
3)iop reduction-i/v mannitol
Paracentesis of ant chamber

Trtmnt done withn 24-48 hrs aftr onset

153
Q

Retinopathy occurs in whom?(ROP)

A

1) age of baby at birth <34 weeks

2) birth weight <1750 grms

154
Q

What is the timing of screening fo rop( retinopathy of premtrty

A

If gestational age - 28-34 weeks
Or
Bw <2000 grms

This cndition screen at 4 weeks

155
Q

If gestational age <28 wks

Bw< 1200g

A

Rop screen at 3 weeks

156
Q

Wavy lines on amsler grid means

A

Macular disease

157
Q

Missing lines in amsler grid means

A

Optic neuropathy/glaucoma

158
Q

Umbrella /mushroom appearence
INK BKOT APPEARENCE
in FFA seen in

A

CSR - central serous retinopathy

159
Q

Cystoid macular edema causes

A

R- retinitis pigmentosa
U- uveitis
N- niacin/nicotinic acid

For

P- pg analogues
R- rvd (crao crvo)
I - irvin gas syndrome
D- dr
E- epinephrine in aphakia
160
Q

Flower petal appearence in ffa seen in

A

Cystoid macular edema

Due to leakage

161
Q

Most common hereditary fundus dystrophy

A

Retinitis pigmentosa

162
Q

Annular ring / doughnut scotoma seen in

A

Retinitis pigmentosa

163
Q

Doughnut scotoma also called

A

Tubular vision / tunnel vision

164
Q

Lawrence moon syndrome is associated with

A

Retinitis pigmentosa

165
Q

Shaffers sign seen in

Also tobaco duct apperence

A

Rhegmatous retinal detachment

166
Q

Mc intra ocular malignancy in childhood

A

Retinoblastoma

167
Q

Mc primary tumor associated with retinoblastoma

A

PINEALOBLASTOMA

168
Q

Mc secondary malignant neoplasm

A

Osteosarcoma

169
Q

Mc route of spread of retinoblastoma

A

Through optic nerve and sclera

170
Q

Retinoblastoma is the most common cause

A

Intraocular calcification

Toc - enucleation

171
Q

Types of keatic precipitates

A

1) mutton fat- composed of macrophages
2) granular kp- lymphocytes
3) stellas keratic precipitate

172
Q

Festooned pupil seen in

A

Posterior synechiae

173
Q

Intermediate uveitis also known as

A

Pars planatis

174
Q

Dangerous area of eye

A

Ciliary body

175
Q

Sympathetic ophthalmitis develops in

A

Non traumatic eye

176
Q

Occular hiv earliest sign

A

Cotton wool spots

177
Q

Mc arise tumor

A

Kaposi sarcoma

178
Q

Mc oppurtunistic infection of eye

A

Cnv retinitis

179
Q

Pizza pie appearence is clinical feature of

A

Occular hiv

180
Q

Mcc of intraocular malignancy in adult

A

Choroidal melanoma

mci (3 decks)

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