Opthalmology

Question 1

Sudden painless loss of vision

- causes

Answer 1

ischaemic optic neuropathy - temporal arteritis or athersclerosis

central retinal vein occlusion

central retinal artery occlusion

vitreous haemorrhage

retinal detachment

Question 2

Ischaemic optic neuropathy

Answer 2

occlusion of the short posterior ciliary arteries –> optic nerve damage

secondary to

1. temporal arteritis
2. atherosclerosis (DM, HTN)

“altitudinal visual field defects”

Question 3

Central retinal vein occlusion

Answer 3

severe retinal haemorrhages = “stormy sunset”

age, glaucoma, polycythaemia, HTN

commoner than CRAO

Question 4

Central retinal artery occlusion

Answer 4

cherry red spot
pale retina
RAPD

secondary to

1. thromboemoblism (atherosclerotic)
2. temporal arteritis

Question 5

Posterior Vitreous Detachment

Answer 5

photopsia (flashes, esp. peripheral)

floaters (esp. temporal vision)

Question 6

Retinal Detachment

Answer 6

photopsia + floaters (PVD) progressing to…

dense shadowing starting peripherally
veil or curtain
straight lines appear curved
central visual loss

Question 7

Vitreous Haemorrhage

Answer 7

sudden, painless visual loss
may see dark spots or floaters (RBC)

causes: diabetes, bleeding disorders

Question 8

Causes of Photopsia

Answer 8

retinal detachement
posterior vitreous detachment

atypical/ocular migraine
optic neuritis
CVA/TIA
choroidal tumour

Question 9

Causes of Floaters

Answer 9

retinal detachment
posterior vitreous detachment
vitreous haemorrhage (DM retinopathy)
ARMD
uveitis
retinitis pigmentosa