Oral Candidasis In Children

Question 1

Oral candida are

Answer 1

• Yeast like fungi
• Opportunistic pathogen

Question 2

Types of candida in oral cavity

Answer 2

• Candida albicans
• C.Tropicalis
• C. parapsilosis
• C. Krusei
• C. Galbrata

Question 3

Candida pathogenicity

Answer 3

• Forms part of biofilm with micro-organisms-> candidiasis
• Candidiasis forms due to imbalance in host immune system and environment changes

Question 4

local risk factors for candidiasis

Answer 4

• Xerostomia
• Smoking
• Trauma
• Glucose concentration
• pH

Question 5

Systemic risk factors of candidiasis

Answer 5

• Diabetes
• Hypothyroidism
• Nutritional deficiency(Iron,Vit B12)
• Immune deficiency

Question 6

Specific Pathogenic mechanisms of candida

Answer 6

• Enzymatic-Endotoxins
• Phospholipases, extracellular proteinases-help penetration
  *Acid proteinases-destroys salivary proteins

Question 7

Non specific pathogenic mechanisms of candida

Answer 7

• Suppression of normal flora
• Suppression of immune system
• Direct tissue damage
• Inhibition of phagocytosis

Question 8

Stages of candida infectious process

Answer 8

• Colonisation
• Adhesion
• Invasion
• Inflammatory response
• Damage to defence mechanisms

Question 9

Classification of candida infections

Answer 9

• Actute
• Chronic
• Multi-focal

Question 10

Acute forms of candidiasis

Answer 10

• Pseudomembranous oral candidiasis
• Atrophic erthyematous oral candidiasis
• Antibiotic stomatitis

Question 11

Two main groups of chronic candidiasis

Answer 11

• Atrophic
• Hyperplastic candidiasis

Question 12

Types of Atrophic candidiasis

Answer 12

• Prosthetic stomatitis
• Angular cheilitis
• Median rhomboid glossitis

Question 13

Types of hyperplastic candidiasis

Answer 13

• Candida leukoplakia
• Papillary hyperplasia of the palate
• Medium rhomboid glossitis(nodular form)

White plaques-difficult or partial removable- rare in children

Question 14

Multi-focal forms of candidiasis

Answer 14

• Mucocutanous candidiasis
• Associated w/ syndromes
• Endocrine candidiasis syndrome

Question 15

Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis clinical manifestation

Answer 15

• Whitish, easily moved deposits surrounded by erythema
• Sprinkled w/ milk appearance
• Can occur in newborns/very young

Immune component

Question 16

Atrophic erthyematous oral candidiasis general characteristics

Answer 16

• Associated w/ corticosterioid/antibiotic therapy
• Patients w/ aids
• Consequence of acute pseudomembranous candidiasis

Question 17

Atrophic erthyematous oral candidiasis clinical presentation

Answer 17

• Mucosal erythema
• Papillary atrophy at back of the tongue

Question 18

Prosthetic stomatitis clinical presentation

Answer 18

• Mucosa in contact w/ prosthesis, erythematous and edematous
• Asymptomatic or w/ burning/tingling
• 3 types-localised, diffuse, granular

Question 19

Angular stomatits characteristics

Answer 19

• Irritation, erythema and cracks on corners of mouth
• Due to streptococci, staphylococci or fungal infection
• Often associated w/ anaemia, vit b12 and iron deficiency

Question 20

Median Rhomboid Glossitis characteristics

Answer 20

• Diamond shaped lesion on tongue
• Area of atrophied papillae filliforms
• Biopsy normally shows presence of candida

Question 21

Chronic multifocal candidiasis chacracteristics

Answer 21

• Chronic candida infections in oral cavity and rest of body
• Oral lesions lasting for more than a month
• In immunocompromised patiens or those taking antibiotics

Question 22

Diagnosis of candida

Answer 22

• Swaps-culture in dextrose agar
• Examined with light microscopy
• Blood tests(as accompanied w/ blood conditions)
• Immunological tests-
• Clinical examination

Question 23

Prevention of oral candidiasis

Answer 23

• Ensure good general health and nutrition
• Good oral hygeine
• Medication if indicated

Question 24

Drugs used to treat candida

Answer 24

• Nystatin and Amphotericin
• Azoles-Imidazoles, Triazoles