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History Indians and Anglo Saxons > Oregon Trail > Flashcards

Oregon Trail Flashcards

1
Q

Who discovered the path through the Rockies, which became known as the Oregon Trail?

A

Jed Smith

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2
Q

Who migrated on the Oregon trail in 1840?

A

A family with 5 kids (Walker Family)

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3
Q

When did Jed Smith publish his route?

A

1824

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4
Q

How much money did the Government fund for a map and book about the Oregon Trail?

A

$30,000

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5
Q

How many died on the Oregon Trail?

A

20,000 aprox

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6
Q

The Great Emigration

A

1,000 pioneers made the trip in 1843 - led by marcus Whitman

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7
Q

First Wagon Train

A

1841

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8
Q

First people to travel the Oregon Trail

A

2 couples
Whitman and Spalding
Christian Missionaries
1836

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9
Q

How many people crossed Oregon Trail in total?

A

400,000

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10
Q

When was the California Trail opened?

A

1843

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11
Q

When was the Oregon Trail the main route?

A

1841-1869

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12
Q

How long was the Oregon Trail?

A

3,200km

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13
Q

1842 –> Pre-emption Act

A

Pioneers could claim 140 acres of land and purchase it for $1.25 per acre, after a year

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14
Q

Pioneers could claim 140 acres of land and purchase it for $1.25 per acre, after a year

A

1842 –> Pre-emption Act

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15
Q

How many Acres of land in the Pre-Emption act?

A

140

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16
Q

How much would an Acre of land cost in the pre-emption act?

A

$1.25

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17
Q

What year was the pre-emption act?

A

1842

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18
Q

What did the collapse in Cereal Wheat Prices (due to the Depression in Mississippi) cause?

A

Migration to the West

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19
Q

What to do with Cereal caused the Migration to the West?

A

Depression in Mississippi caused Wheat prices to drop

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20
Q

When was the Economic Depression in US?

A

1837

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21
Q

What percentage of the population went Bankrupt in 1837, due to the Economic Depression?

A

25%

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22
Q

White people believed it was their God-given right to spread civilisation across the US

A

Manifest Destiny

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23
Q

What group went searching for the ‘promised land’ due to religous prosecution?

A

Mormons

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24
Q

When did Britian give Oregon to America?

A

1846

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25
Q

When did Britian give California to America?

A

1848

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26
Q

When was the Gold Rush?

A

1849

Gold was discovered in 1848

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27
Q

Where was the Gold Rush?

A

Sierra Nevada, California

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28
Q

How many people migrated due to the Gold Rush?

A

one hundred thousand

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29
Q

Why did people migrate to the West?

A

Gold Rush
To escape Religious prosecution
Fertile Farmland
Depression
Manifest Destiny

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30
Q

How long was the California trail?

A

3,800 km

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31
Q

What did both Trails cross?

A

Great Plains
2 mountain ranges:
- Rockies
- Blue Mountains or Sierra Nevada

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32
Q

Biggest killer of the Oregon Trail?

A

Cholera

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33
Q

How could people die?

A

Crushed under wagons
Disease
Cannibalism
Exhaustion
Murder / Abbandoned

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34
Q

What did most people on the Oregon trail eat?

A

Salt pork

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35
Q

What numbers was it safe to travel the Oregon Trail in?

A

20 wagons or more

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36
Q

What did early Emigrants use to find their way?

A

Explorers
Mountain Men
Indians as guides

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37
Q

How did later Emigrants find their way?

A

Maps and guides

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38
Q

When was the best time to travel the Oregon trail and why?

A

April
- Grass to feed Cattle
- Time to reach west before winter

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39
Q

When did the Donner Party set off?

A

May 1846

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40
Q

What were there more of than usual in the Donner Party?

A

Elderly
Women
Children

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41
Q

When did the Donner Party reach Fort Bridger?

A

July 1846

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42
Q

Where was fort Bridger?

A

Rocky Mountians

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43
Q

Why did a small group of the Donner Party decide to take a short-cut?

A

A leaflet Hastings had written advertised a shorter rout through the Sierra Nevada

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44
Q

Why did not all the Donner Party go though the Hastings Route?

A

Someone warned them not too

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45
Q

Why did some of the Donner Party choose to take Hastings route across the Rocky mountians?

A

Hastings wrote a letter saying her would personally take them across

46
Q

Why was George Donner abandoned?

A

He murdered a man

47
Q

Where did the majority of the Donner Party set up Camp after becoming trapped?

A

At Donner Lake

48
Q

How fast were the Donner party travelling?

A

2 miles per day

49
Q

Before setting off on the final stretch, and after receiving food from the next fort, how long did the Donner Party rest?

A

6 days

50
Q

By the time the Donner Party reached Sierra Nevada, how many cattle had died?

A

300

51
Q

By the time the Donner Party reached Sierra Nevada, how many wagons broke?

A

4

52
Q

When did the Donnor Party arrive?

A

February 1847

53
Q

Who wrote the book of Mormon?

A

Joseph Smith

54
Q

How did Joseph smith write the Book of Mormon?

A

Translated 2 golden plates an angel told him were buried in his back garden

55
Q

Where did the Mormons settle in Ohio?

A

Kirtland

56
Q

Where did the Mormons settle in Missouri?

A

Independence

57
Q

Where did the Mormons settle in Illinois?

A

Nauvoo

58
Q

Order of Settlement of the Mormons?

A
  1. Kirtland Ohio
  2. Independence Missouri
  3. Nauvoo Illinois
  4. Salt lake city
59
Q

Why did the Mormons leave Ohio (Kirtland)?

A

1837 depression - Mormon Bank collapsed and many lost their savings

60
Q

When was the economic depression?

A

1837

61
Q

Why did the Mormons leave Missouri (Independence)?

A

Mormons were anti-slavery and Missouri was a slave state?

62
Q

When were the Mormons forced to leave Missouri (Independence) after riots?

A

1838

63
Q

Where did the Mormons migrate too after Missouri Independence?

A

Illinois Nauvoo

64
Q

How many Mormons migrated to Nauvoo in Illinois?

A

35,000

65
Q

Why was their tension between the Mormons and Illinois?

A

They practised polygamy

66
Q

When was Joseph Smith (of the Mormons) arrested in Illinois?

A

June 1845

67
Q

Who murdered Joseph Smith in 1845?

A

A mob in Illinois

68
Q

When was Joseph Smith murdered by a Mob?

A

1845

69
Q

Who was Joseph Smith?

A

The first leader of the Mormons

70
Q

Who replaced Joseph Smith?

A

Brigham Young

71
Q

Who decided the Mormons should move west to salt lake city?

A

Brigham young

72
Q

How did the mormons avoid travelling in Winter?

A

They set up winter quarters in Omaha

73
Q

When did the Mormons stay in Winter quarters in Omaha?

A

1846/47

74
Q

How many were in Brigham Young’s advanced party?

A

150 men

75
Q

Which trails did Brigham Young’s advanced party use?

A

Donner and Oregon Trails

76
Q

When did Brigham Young’s advanced party set off?

A

April 1847

77
Q

When did Brigham Young and the advanced party arrive in Salt Lake City?

A

July 1847

78
Q

How big was the first party of Migrating Mormons?

A

1500

79
Q

When did the First part of 1500 mormons arrive at Salt Lake city?

A

August 1847

80
Q

Between 1847 and 1869 how many Mormons followed the Mormon trail to Salt Lake City?

A

70,000

81
Q

Between what years did 70,000 Mormons take the Mormon Trail?

A

1847 - 1869

82
Q

Six steps of Brigham Young’s plan?

A
  1. Ensure safe journey west
  2. Farm an arid landscape and provide fresh water
  3. Allocate land for each family
  4. Become self-sufficient and free to worship
  5. Encourage mass Mormon settlement
  6. Keep order with no conflict
83
Q

How did Brigham Young ensure a safe journey?

A

He spoke to guides and explorers to find out as much as he could about Salt Lake Valley

84
Q

How many people and Wagons did Brigham Young Count Before Leaving Illinois?

A

People: 3200
Wagons: 2500

85
Q

What did the Advanced party do?

A
  • Set up signs
  • Highlight fresh water supplies
  • Plant crops
  • Built bridges
86
Q

How were the advanced party well supplied?

A

Had boats
Food
Equipment

87
Q

What was bad about salt Lake Valley?

A

Water was salty
Land couldn’t grow crops

88
Q

Why could Brigham Young keep order?

A

He was a prophet of the Mormon God

89
Q

Who owned the Land in Salt Lake Valley?

A

The Mormon Church - It was given to individuals for how much they needed

90
Q

How did Brigham Young get Water?

A

Irrigation systems

91
Q

The Mormons spread out? Eg.

A

Las Vegas
- Found skilled blacksmiths there
- Could plant trees for timber

92
Q

In 1855 how many converts to Mormon arrived in Utar?

A

4225

93
Q

Missionaries converted 4225 people in …

A

1855

94
Q

What year was the Gold Rush?

A

1849

95
Q

How many Chinese miners arrived from Hong Kong for the California Gold rush?

A

25,000

96
Q

California Population:
1848 -
1855 -

A

1848 - 15,000
1855 - 300,000

97
Q

California Population:
15,000 -
300,000 -

A

15,000 - 1848
300,000 - 1855

98
Q

Example of a Mining Town (due to California Gold Rush)?

A

Virginia City

99
Q

What fruit could be grown in California?

A

Oranges

100
Q

What did the Gold Rush help pay for in 1869?

A

Transcontinental Railroad

101
Q

‘Claim Jumping’

A

Miners stealing other miners plots

102
Q

Miners stealing other miners plots

A

‘Claim Jumping’

103
Q

What help sort out disputes between miners?

A

Miners Courts

104
Q

What type of people were a lot of miners?

A

Chinese Imigrants
Young men
Crooks, bandits

105
Q

What were the miners communities like?

A

Full of crime, alcoholism, prostitution

106
Q

How many people rushed to California in the Gold Rush in 1949?

A

100,000

107
Q

When did California become a state?

A

1950

108
Q

Salting a claim

A

Sprinkling bits of gold to trick someone into buying a plot of land for more than it was worth

109
Q

How many of the Donnor party went through Hastings Path?

A

90

110
Q
A

History Indians and Anglo Saxons (7 decks)

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