organic chem

Question 1

addition of hydrogen to alkenes

Answer 1

alkanes, heat, passed over Pt/Ni catalyst

Question 2

alcohol from alkenes

Answer 2

gaseous alkene, H2O (g) = steam, high temp/pressure conc H3PO4

Question 3

oxidation of alkenes

Answer 3

dilute solution of acidified potassium manganate (KMnO4), room temperature
pale purple turns colourless, diol
(similar function to bromine water)

hot conc solution of acidified potassium manganate

Question 4

haloalkanes from alkenes

Answer 4

conc HX at room temperature

Question 5

make a haloalkane

Answer 5

substiution of alchol

1. HX
2. PCl3 and heat
3. PCl5 at room temp
4. SOCl2

Question 6

reactions of haloalkane

Answer 6

1. NaOH, forms alcohol (with water, under reflux)
2. CN-, a ethanolic solution of KCN, under reflux
3. ammonia, in excess in ethanol under pressure
4. NaOH(ethanol), ethanolic sodium hydroxide with heat = elimination

Question 7

reactions of making COOH

Answer 7

apart from oxidation
from nitrile (HCl + H2O), reflux with HCl

Question 8

reduction of COOH

Answer 8

LiAlH4 in dry ether at room temp

Question 9

oxidation of aldehydes + ketones

Answer 9

K2Cr2O7, acidified sulfuric acid

Question 10

redcution of aldehydes + ketones

Answer 10

heat wtih aqueous alklaine NaBH4

LiAlH4 dry ether + room temp

Question 11

nucleophilic addition

Answer 11

HCN = in situ, KCN, sulfuric acid
hydrolysis, refluxing with dilute HCl
or 
refluxing with dilute alkali eg NaOH, COO-Na+ 
= treat with dilute H2SO4 to get COOH

Question 12

Tollens

Answer 12

aq AgNO3 in excess ammonia

Question 13

Fehlings

Answer 13

alkaline with copper ions

Question 14

triodomethane

Answer 14

I2, NaOH
CH3 = CI3
NaOH hydrolysis
CHI3 = pale yellow ppt