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h chemistry > organic chemistry > Flashcards

organic chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

functional group

A

a group of atoms or bonds that are responsible for the chemical reactivity of a molecule

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2
Q

a group of atoms or bonds that are responsible for the chemical reactivity of a molecule

A

a functional group

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3
Q

functional group in an alcohol

A

-OH hydroxyl group

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4
Q

functional group in a carboxylic acid

A

O=C-OH carboxyl group

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5
Q

acid + alkali—–>
acid + metal oxide—–>

A

salt + water

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6
Q

acid + metal carbonate ——>

A

salt + carbon dioxide + water

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7
Q

ethanoic acid + sodium hydroxide —>

A

sodium ethanoate and water

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8
Q

how are esters formed

A

condensation reaction/ esterfication

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9
Q

esters general formula

A

=O
R-C-O-R’ R-COO-R’

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10
Q

ester reaction equation

A

alcohol + acid <===> Ester + water

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11
Q

condensation definition

A

a chemical reaction which two or more molecules or functional groups combine to form a larger molecule together with the loss of a water molecule

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12
Q

hydrolysis definition

A

a chemical reaction in which a water molecule breaks down a large molecule into smaller molecules

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13
Q

what does the esterification reaction require

A

conc sulfuric acid H2SO4 as a catalyst

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14
Q

how is conc sulfuric acid useful during esterification

A

absorbs water and prevents reverse reaction from occurring

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15
Q

why can a bunsen not be used during esterification

A

alcohol is flammable

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16
Q

distillation

A

the components of a mixture containing two different (e.g. alcohol and water)liquids are separated by their boiling points

17
Q

butanol+ethanoic acid

A

butyl ethanoate

18
Q

unsaturated

A

Oils

19
Q

saturated

A

fats

20
Q

concentrated energy source

A

fats and oils

21
Q

what are fatty acids

A

the acids in fats and oils

22
Q

fats and oils can also be known as

A

triglycerides

23
Q

why are fats solid

A

due to close packing of hydrocarbon chains. ldfs exist between the fats molecules

24
Q

how do C=C effect the oil

A

cause more kinks in molecules unable to pack closely. fewer intermolecular forces, lower MP

25
Q

soap equation

A

fat/oil + Alkali ——> Soap + Glycerol

26
Q

soaps defintion

A

the sodium salts of fatty acids which are formed by the alkaline hydrolysis if fats and oils.

27
Q

what do soap and detergents do summary

A

allow immiscible liquids to mix and form an emulsion

28
Q

what is an emulsifying agent

A

a substance which stabilise emulsions stopping them separating out

29
Q

hydrophobic defintion

A

tending to repel or fail to mix with water.

30
Q

hydrophilic definition

A

materials with an affinity for water

h chemistry (3 decks)

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