Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound made hydrogen and carbon only
What is crude oil?
Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in liquid phase in natural underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating facilities.
How is crude oil formed?
Organic material deposited as sediments on seabeds which are broken down and transformed over millions of years.
How can you separate the components of Crude oil?
Fractional distillation
What is fractional distillation?
the process by which components in a crude oil separated into different fractions depending on their boiling points.
What is combustion?
Combustion is the burning of a substance in the presence of oxygen. This is an exothermic reactions.
Which homologous series are hydrocarbons?
Alkanes and Alkenes
What is a homologous series?
It is a group of organic compounds with same functional group and similar chemical properties.
(Each successive member defers by a CH2 group)
What is the general formula for and alkane?
CnH 2n+2
What is a functional group?
It is a group of bonded atom which give the homologous series its chemical properties.
What is the trend in melting and boiling point of alkanes as the carbon chain length increases?
As the chain length increases so does the melting/ boiling point. This is because there are more electrons in the molecule, there are more intermolecular forces of attraction requiring more energy to overcome and hence increases melting and boiling point as carbon chain length increases.
What are the products of combustion of hydrocarbons
Carbon dioxide and water
What is the functional group alkene?
C=C
What is the functional group of alkane?
No functional group
Which homologous series is the least reactive and why?
Alkane because it has no functional group
